It is not uncommon to see itchy, sore, bleeding gums in clinical practice. First of all, let’s talk about the concept of gums. Gums are the oral mucosal epithelium covering the surface of the alveolar process and around the neck of the teeth and the connective tissue beneath it. Swollen and painful gums are mainly a symptom of inflammation of the gums. Inflammation under the gums spreads in multiple directions through gaps, calculus, and dead spaces in the mouth, causing the gums to adhere to plaque and resulting in swollen and painful gums. The main cause of gum swelling and pain is poor oral hygiene, which leads to the deposition of plaque, calculus and soft scale on the tooth surface near the gum margin, thus inducing gingivitis. If not treated in time, gingivitis gradually develops into periodontitis, which eventually leads to loosening of the entire mouth and loss of teeth. The typical clinical symptoms of gingivitis are bleeding gums, itchy and swollen gums, easy bleeding when brushing and talking, swollen and enlarged gums with dark red or dark red color, loose tissue and easy bleeding on probing. The gingival papillae are bulbous and the swollen gums can often cover the lip 1/3 or more of the front teeth. As the gingival hypertrophy deepens the gingival sulcus and forms gingival pockets, the pockets can easily hide food, bacteria can easily proliferate, and the self-cleaning effect is poor, so there can be dark secretions when the inflammation is aggravated. If the body resistance is reduced, single or multiple gingival abscesses may appear, especially in the gingival papilla area is more common.