Schizophrenia (schizophrenia) is a common psychiatric disorder, and the World Health Organization estimates that the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide is approximately 3.8‰-8.4‰, and in studies in the United States, the lifetime prevalence is as high as 13‰; data from a 1994 survey in China showed a prevalence of 7.11‰ in urban areas and 4.26‰ in rural areas. The etiology of schizophrenia is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. Most of the disorders begin in young adults and manifest as disorders of perception, thinking, emotion, volitional behavior, etc. The mental activities are incompatible with the surrounding environment and inner experience, and are detached from reality. There is usually no impairment of consciousness and no significant intellectual impairment, but there may be impairment of cognitive functions such as attention, working memory, abstract thinking and information integration. The course of the disease is prolonged and recurrent, with some patients experiencing a decline in mental activity and varying degrees of social functioning deficits. Pathogenesis and pathogenesis 1. Neurobiochemical studies show that patients have a variety of neurotransmitter functional abnormalities, mainly involving dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and glutamate. Central dopamine levels are increased and hyperfunctional, and traditional antipsychotics are all blockers of central nervous system dopamine receptors. Central 5-hydroxytryptamine levels are abnormal, and newer antipsychotics have antagonistic effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in addition to dopamine receptors. Central glutamate levels are low and insufficiently functional.2. Neuroanatomical and neuroimaging studies show that patients have atrophy of brain tissue, enlarged ventricles and widened sulci in the temporal lobe, frontal lobe and limbic system.3. Maternal viral infections during pregnancy, perinatal complications, adverse stress and somatic diseases in early childhood, which are associated with developmental defects of the nervous system, have an impact in the development of schizophrenia.