Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are characterized by high prevalence, high disability, high recurrence and high mortality rates, which bring heavy social and economic burdens. Currently, there are 270 million hypertensive patients, 13 million stroke patients and 11 million coronary heart disease patients in China. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, as well as obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity and unhealthy dietary habits are the main and modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of hypertension among Chinese residents aged 18 and above is 25.2%, and dyslipidemia reaches 40.4%, both showing an increasing trend. Interventions for these risk factors can not only prevent or delay the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, but also work synergistically with drug therapy to prevent recurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Today, we will explain how individuals can take action to prevent and control cardiovascular diseases: 1. Know your personal blood pressure. adults aged 18 and above regularly self-monitor their blood pressure, pay attention to changes in blood pressure and control risk factors for hypertension. People who are overweight or obese, have a high-salt diet, smoke, drink alcohol for a long time, suffer from chronic mental stress, and have insufficient physical activity are at high risk for hypertension. It is recommended that people with normal high blood pressure (120-139mmHg/80-89mmHg) pay early attention to control the above risk factors. It is recommended that people with normal blood pressure have their blood pressure measured at least once a year, and those at high risk have their blood pressure measured frequently and receive health guidance from medical personnel. 2. Self-blood pressure management. In the absence of antihypertensive drugs, three measurements of systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg on non-same day can be diagnosed as hypertension. Patients with hypertension should learn to self-health management, carefully follow medical advice to take medication, and frequently measure blood pressure and follow-up. 3, pay attention to reasonable diet. It is recommended that people at high risk of hypertension and patients pay attention to dietary salt intake, with a daily salt intake of no more than 5g, and abstain from alcohol, reduce the intake of foods rich in fats and high sugar, and limited consumption of cooking oil. 4. Exercise with discretion. It is recommended that people at high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (with a previous history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease or abnormal blood pressure, abnormal blood lipids, or a 10-year risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease ≥ 20% as judged by the Guidelines for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management issued by the World Health Organization) and the form of exercise for patients be determined according to personal health and physical fitness, consider cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk assessment, consider the limits of exercise in all aspects, with the participation of large muscle groups The aerobic endurance exercise is mainly based on the participation of large muscle groups, such as walking, jogging, swimming, tai chi and other exercises, and the activity level should generally reach medium intensity. People under 40 years old with normal lipids should have their lipids tested once every two to five years; people aged 40 and above should have their lipids tested at least once a year. People at high risk of cardiovascular disease should have their blood lipids tested every 6 months. 6. Prevent the occurrence of stroke. The increase in stroke incidence and mortality is closely related to the increase in blood pressure, the higher the blood pressure, the higher the risk of stroke. There is a significant correlation between dyslipidemia and the incidence of ischemic stroke. Atrial fibrillation is an important cause of ischemic stroke. Lowering blood pressure, controlling blood lipids and maintaining a healthy weight may reduce the risk of stroke. Patients with atrial fibrillation are advised to use anticoagulation therapy as prescribed by their doctors. 7. Learn to master the correct self-help measures and emergency medical guidance in the early stages of cardiovascular disease. The site of acute myocardial infarction pain (precordial area, retrosternal area, subxiphoid, left shoulder, etc.) is the same as angina pectoris, but it lasts longer and is heavy and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sweating, etc. The patient should be allowed to rest in bed absolutely, loosen the collar, and keep the room quiet and air circulation. If possible, administer oxygen immediately, take one sublingual nitroglycerin tablet, call the emergency center immediately, and do not take a bus or help the patient walk to the hospital. Early stroke onset is characterized by sudden weakness or numbness of one limb, sudden slurred speech or incomprehension of other people’s speech, sudden rotation of vision, inability to stand, transient visual impairment, blackness in front of the eyes, blurred vision, unbearable headache, gradually worsening or persistent symptoms, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. When this occurs, the patient should be placed flat, in a supine position, without pillows, with the head tilted to the side, and pay attention to keeping the patient warm. At the same time, call the emergency number immediately and try to reach the hospital quickly. Seize the 4-hour golden window of rescue time and receive intravenous thrombolytic therapy, which can significantly reduce the death and disability rates. I believe that you have read the above content to have a general understanding of personal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease prevention and control action planning, take action and work hard for your health.