Delayed excretion of bromosulfophthalein is an indicator of abnormal liver function with increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, delayed excretion of bromosulfophthalein, decreased plasma albumin, prolonged prothrombin time, and elevated indirect bilirubin abnormal globulin. Abnormal liver function is when the liver is damaged by certain pathogenic factors that can cause damage to the morphological structure of the liver and abnormalities in the metabolism of liver function. What can cause abnormal liver function? Abnormal immune function liver disease can cause an abnormal immune response, which in turn is an important cause of liver damage. For example, both humoral and cellular immunity caused by hepatitis B virus can damage liver cells; surface antigen (hbsag), core antigen (hbcag) and e antigen (hbeag) of hepatitis B virus can bind to the surface of liver cells and change the antigenicity of liver cell membrane, causing autoimmunity. Another example is primary biliary cirrhosis, where patients have a variety of antibodies in their blood (anti-small bile duct antibodies, anti-mitochondrial antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, etc.), which may also be an autoimmune disease. Chemical poisoning, such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, phosphorus, antimony, and arsenic agents, can often damage the enzyme system of hepatocytes, causing metabolic disorders or inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation process and decreased atp production, leading to degenerative necrosis of hepatocytes; some drugs, such as chlorpromazine, para-aminobutyric acid, isoniazid, certain iodamines, and antimicrobials (e.g., tetracycline), can cause liver damage in a few people even at therapeutic doses , which may be related to allergy. Biliary obstruction Biliary obstruction (e.g., stones, tumors, roundworms, etc.) causes bile to stagnate and, if prolonged, can cause hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis due to the damaging effect of retained bile on hepatocytes and the compression of blood sinuses by dilated bile ducts in the liver, resulting in hepatic ischemia. Blood circulation disorders such as in chronic heart failure cause liver stasis and hypoxia. Destruction of liver tissue by tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Parasites (Schistosoma haematobium, Toxoplasma gondii, Amoeba), Leptospira, bacteria, and viruses can all cause liver damage; viruses in particular are the most common (e.g., viral hepatitis).