Diabetic foot is a lesion that causes destruction of the foot or lower extremity tissue in diabetic patients due to diabetic vasculopathy and/or neuropathy and infection. In foreign countries, 85% of amputations in diabetes originate from foot ulcers, and the amputation rate is 25 times higher than that in non-diabetes (5/10,000-180/10,000), and 47% of diabetic hospitalizations are due to diabetic foot. In China, diabetic foot accounted for 2.45% of hospitalized diabetic patients and 14% of amputations from 1996 to 2000. The main causes of diabetic foot include: (1) neuropathy: sensory, motor and autonomic neuropathy; (2) vascular disease; (3) circulatory disorders; the signs and symptoms of diabetic foot vary depending on the course of the disease and the severity of the lesion. In mild cases, there is only minimal foot pain and skin surface ulcers; in moderate cases, deep penetrating ulcers combined with soft tissue inflammation can occur; in severe cases, the ulcers are combined with soft tissue abscesses, bone histopathy, limited gangrene of the toes, heel or forefoot, or even whole foot gangrene can occur. Diabetic foot leads to foot gangrene Diabetic foot leads to foot ulcers The treatment of diabetic foot is mainly to control blood sugar, improve blood circulation in the limbs and control infection. Improving blood circulation in the limbs of patients is mainly to open the narrow or even occluded lower limb arteries. The arterial lesions of the lower limbs in diabetic foot patients mainly involve the infrapopliteal artery, which is a multi-segmental diffuse lesion with serious condition, and the incidence of severe lower limb ischemia and amputation rate are high. Recanalization of the infrapopliteal artery has a very critical therapeutic role in diabetic critical limb ischemia. Extensive arterial stenosis in diabetic foot patients Intraluminal therapy is minimally invasive, safe, effective and reproducible, and has been widely used in clinical practice. Moreover, even if intraluminal therapy fails, the opportunity for open surgery is still preserved, so intraluminal therapy is mostly chosen as the preferred treatment option for diabetic infrapopliteal artery lesions in clinical practice. Balloon dilation (PTA) The treatment of diabetic infrapopliteal arteriopathy is based on PTA. PTA and stent implantation can rapidly restore blood supply to the distal tissues because restenosis after endoluminal treatment is a gradual process, and with the gradual formation of restenosis, the collateral circulation of the limb is gradually compensated and established, and the initial patency period may save most of the limb. Therefore, even if the vessel is re-occluded, the ulcer can still achieve long-term healing with attention to foot care, which is the clinical significance and value of endoluminal therapy. Diagram of balloon dilation stent implantation in stenotic artery If the patient has extensive occlusion of the infrapopliteal artery and cannot be treated with balloon dilation, he can also be treated with stem cell transplantation. Stem cell transplantation is a new treatment method for lower limb vascular lesions and diabetic foot developed in recent years, which has been discussed by several scholars at home and abroad and has made some progress. Stem cells are divided into 2 types: autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood, and the injection method is also divided into local intramuscular injection and intravascular injection, with some differences in effects. Stem cells are becoming more and more widely used in the treatment of diabetic foot, and many units in China have accumulated a large number of successful cases with less trauma and can be treated multiple times. The results are relatively satisfactory for patients who are unable to undergo surgery. In conclusion, diabetic foot requires more attention to limb protection, avoiding limb breakdown, improving limb arterial blood supply at an early stage, and increasing the cure rate.