Surgery is the only way to cure a hernia and should be performed as early as possible. As the saying goes, “A small hole not mended is a big hole that suffers”. Delaying treatment will only turn a small hernia into a large one and may result in serious complications, such as acute intestinal obstruction caused by the inability to retract the protruding intestine, or even intestinal perforation, necrosis, and peritonitis leading to death. In general, hernia is a relatively safe, reliable and less invasive surgical procedure, and the delay in treatment is not worth the loss. Hernias are caused by the protrusion of organs such as the small intestine from the abdominal cavity through this area to the outside of the abdominal wall after a weakness or defect in the abdominal wall. Figuratively speaking, it is like a hole in the lining of a cotton jacket, through which the underwear and woolen clothes inside will be pushed into the potential gap in the cotton layer. The traditional surgical method is direct patching, just like sewing up a hole in a garment with thread. Since the edge of the defect is pulled up directly, the postoperative straining pain is obvious, the patient’s recovery is slow, and the recurrence rate of hernia is over 10%. 2.Open tension-free repair: With the development of material science in recent years, polymer materials compatible with human tissues have been applied, and we image the patch made of these materials as “patch”, which is like adding a padding to a hole in a garment, so the patch is definitely stronger than direct sewing. In addition, the patch can also stimulate the growth of autologous tissue to form a solid barrier structure, so the repair effect is good, the recurrence rate is low, the postoperative pain and other complications are few, and the recovery is fast. 3.Minimally invasive tension-free repair: At present, hernia can also be treated by minimally invasive surgery using laparoscopy. If the patching method of scribing on the abdominal wall is from the outside, then the laparoscopic patching method is from the inside. In fact, the abdominal wall is a multi-layered structure, and the hernia defect is mainly in the inner layer, so it makes more sense to repair from the inside. Laparoscopic treatment of hernias has many advantages, such as avoiding or reducing damage to nerves, blood vessels and spermatic cords in the inguinal region of the abdominal wall, as well as enabling timely detection of cryptic, compound and contralateral hernias, among others. Most of the hernias can be treated laparoscopically and are particularly suitable for patients with incisional hernia, parastomal hernia, esophageal hiatal hernia, bilateral or recurrent inguinal hernia, cryptic hernia, or concomitant abdominal organs requiring surgery, and young and middle-aged hernia patients who have a greater demand for cosmetic or rapid recovery. 2) Precautions after hernia surgery 1) During hospitalization: 1) Diet: Fasting and water fasting are required for 6 hours after surgery. 6 hours later, if gastrointestinal motility is normal, warm boiled water can be drunk first, and if there is no vomiting or other discomfort, easy-to-digest foods such as thin rice, noodles, soft rice, etc. can be gradually eaten, and more soup, vegetables and fruits can be consumed. 2) Activity: It is generally recommended to get out of bed early, but serious coughing, straining to relieve stool and strenuous exercise should be avoided. 3) Urination: If a catheter is left in place for surgery, start clamping the catheter after 1 day, loosen the catheter after 2 hours or when you have the urge to urinate, and remove the catheter after 1-2 days of training. For patients without urinary catheter, it is recommended to slow down the rate of rehydration early after surgery, warm towels or hot water bags applied externally to the bladder area, or get out of bed, all of which are conducive to smooth urination; if there are still difficulties, promptly reflect them to the medical staff. 2. Post-discharge recommendations: 1) Do not get the wound wet after surgery, and resume normal bathing about 7-10 days after discharge, depending on the wound healing. Disinfectant alcohol can be used to wipe the wound before and after bathing. If the wound is sutured with absorbable thread, it will absorb on its own and does not need to be removed. 2) Tension-free hernia repair surgery: Generally, patients only need to rest for a few days, and those with light physical labor (such as office workers) can resume work; for those with heavy physical labor, it is recommended to reduce the labor intensity appropriately within six months after surgery, with weight bearing below 30 kg. 3) Do not engage in strenuous exercise and do not lift heavy objects within six months, you can walk, boxing, driving, climbing stairs, etc. 4)Pay special attention to the prevention and treatment of diseases with increased intra-abdominal pressure, if there is chronic cough, prostatic hyperplasia, constipation, etc. should be actively and correctly treated to prevent recurrence on the affected side or reoccurrence on the opposite side. 3. Follow-up time: 1) If there is wound redness, swelling, heat, pain, exudate, bleeding, high fever, etc., you should go to the hospital in time. 2) Generally, come to the hospital for the first review 2-4 weeks after discharge, and it is recommended to review several times every six months to a year afterwards.