Hypertension can lead to coronary heart disease and stroke, but the relationship between it and chronic kidney disease is not given enough attention because of the high insidiousness. The kidney is an organ composed of many tiny blood vessels, and hypertension, if not better controlled for a long time, will lead to small renal artery sclerosis. This is the reason why the majority of hypertensive patients are accompanied by different degrees of kidney damage. If this damage is not treated in a timely manner, it will further intensify with age and eventually cause glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis, eventually leading to renal insufficiency, until the development of uremia. Therefore, it is recommended that hypertensive patients have regular urine tests, and it is best to have a comprehensive kidney examination once a year. However, chronic kidney disease can also cause hypertension, which is called “renal hypertension”. This secondary hypertension usually occurs in young adults, and clinical observation shows that the more severe the renal decompensation, the higher the blood pressure will be, and in the late stage of renal failure, more than 80% of patients have significant hypertension. It can be seen that hypertension and chronic kidney disease are closely related and affect each other, and as long as either of them is treated and controlled unfavorably, it can cause a vicious circle. What is more worrying is that both diseases are common and highly prevalent – in China, the prevalence of hypertension accounts for more than 10% of the total population, reaching about 160 million people; while the prevalence of chronic kidney disease accounts for 8% to 9% of the total population. Because of this, the probability of a person suffering from both hypertension and chronic kidney disease is also relatively high. How to prevent and treat it? Both antihypertensive and renal care should be taken into account. Both patients with hypertensive nephropathy and patients with renal hypertension must regularly assess the degree of impaired kidney function and consider blood pressure control during the treatment process, so as to lower blood pressure while maximizing the protection of kidney function. Blood pressure in patients with renal disease can be controlled below 130/80 mmHg. In particular, it is important to point out that blood pressure control is not the lower the better, because too low blood pressure can lead to insufficient perfusion of organ tissues and other diseases. In daily life, hypertensive patients should carefully observe their body changes. Although hypertensive nephropathy generally has no obvious symptoms in the early and middle stages, some patients will experience increased nocturia and clearer urine, which indicates that the concentration function of the renal tubules has decreased; in addition, if you wake up in the morning with symptoms of eyelid and lower limb edema, it may indicate that the kidneys have been damaged. And generally when it develops to poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, anemia, easy fatigue and even back pain and depression, it has basically reached a more serious stage. Regular kidney examination for hypertensive patients is generally divided into two major aspects: morphological examination can be performed by ultrasound, intravenous pyelogram, CT, MRI, etc., while functional examination generally requires only blood and urine tests, and it is recommended that hypertensive patients be examined once a year to grasp the health status of the kidneys as early as possible. If the specific gravity of urine is fixed around 1.010 and abnormal changes such as urine protein and red blood cells are seen during urine test, or if decreased glomerular filtration and increased blood creatinine are found during blood test, it means that the kidney has started to be diseased and symptomatic treatment must be carried out as soon as possible.