The accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity due to infection by pathogenic bacteria is called abscess thorax. According to the time, it is divided into acute and chronic abscess chest. According to the pathogenic bacteria, they are divided into pyogranulomatous pustules, tuberculous pustules, and pustules due to other causes. Clinically, tuberculous pustulothorax is common. After the pleura is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inflammation, congestion, edema, capillary dilation and permeability enhancement occur, resulting in pleural effusion, which gradually becomes purulent over time and forms a fibrous plate on the pleura, affecting the expansion of the lung. Due to the contraction of fiber scars, the thorax is sunken and the intercostal space is narrowed, resulting in collapse and deformity of the thorax. Some abscesses penetrate the chest wall and form chest wall fistulas, which do not heal for a long time, while some abscesses erode the lungs and form bronchopleural fistulas, which make treatment difficult. After getting abscess chest, early treatment should be active, including the application of anti-inflammatory and anti-TB drugs, supplementing nutrition, eating more fresh vegetables and fruits, improving the body’s own immune function, and in local treatment, we should not lose the opportunity to make thoracentesis or intubation closed drainage to reduce the accumulation of pus in the chest cavity and promote lung expansion. Once chronic abscess chest is formed, it is difficult to treat, so we should go to a specialized hospital and actively take surgical treatment, commonly used surgical methods include pleural fiber plate stripping, thoracoplasty, large omentum transplantation with vascular tip, pleuropneumonectomy, etc. Most of them can be cured.