1. Tuberculous pleurisy can be transformed into chronic encapsulated pustulothorax because of longer delay. Closed drainage is usually not needed for pustular chests that have formed encapsulation. 2.Chronic encapsulated abscess chest, there is no better way other than surgical treatment. 3.Surgery is elective, with stable control, no obvious external penetration of the abscess, no obvious fever, shortness of breath and other uncomfortable symptoms, surgery can be suspended until anti-tuberculosis treatment makes the lesion (including lesions in other parts of the lung, etc.) stable. Personally, I recommend surgery after one year of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Some patients who are 1 or 20 years old and relatively young (3 or 40 years old or less) look completely calcified, but surgery is not necessarily difficult. 4.For chronic encapsulated pustules that were not found in the past and now have no special symptoms and almost no effect on the body, because there is a potential risk of internal penetration causing lung damage and external penetration causing chest wall abscess, as well as the fact that some malignant lesions have manifested similarly to chronic encapsulated pustules in recent years, surgery is still recommended when the physical condition is better. 5.The surgery itself is not difficult, but the main danger lies in: the severity of the lesion in the lung; whether the abscess can be completely peeled off with the lung tissue and the degree of adhesion to the chest wall; whether it will cause a large amount of bleeding; and the recurrence after the surgery. 6, as long as the timing of the operation is good, careful and meticulous surgical operation, fully loosening the compressed lung tissue to make it reopen, the patient can basically be cured. 7.In recent years, there are fewer doctors experienced in doing pleurodesis, and many operations are not standardized, resulting in serious complications such as abscess chest and bronchopleural fistula, or even one mistake after another, premature and inappropriate remedial surgery, causing great physical damage as well as great economic and mental stress to patients. 8. The current cost of surgery in Beijing is about 40-50,000 RMB, which requires preoperative blood donation on a voluntary basis. The main cost is the amount of blood transfusion during and after surgery, as well as the amount of nutritional support during the recovery period.