Glioma, also known as glioma, is a tumor that occurs in the ectodermal tissue of the nerve. Once a glioma is developed, its very difficult to cure. After more than 20 years of exploration and development, the treatment of glioma has made great progress, but the average survival of glioma patients is still less than 1 year, so glioma is one of the extremely challenging tumors in neurosurgery. The infiltrative growth pattern of glioma determines its malignant biological behavior. Tumor aggressiveness is a complex process in which tumor cells interact with the host and the extracellular matrix. Multiple growth factors are involved in the hyperproliferative and invasive behavior of glioma cells. The high proliferative and aggressive behavior of glioma is a therapeutic challenge today; therefore, its treatment is mostly based on a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and photodynamic therapy.