Congenital intestinal atresia is one of the common gastrointestinal malformations in neonatal surgery, with a high incidence of about 1:5000, slightly higher in males than females. In the last decade, with the improvement of surgical techniques and the rapid improvement of perioperative monitoring and treatment, the survival rate has increased significantly. There is no clear final conclusion on the relevant etiological studies. In addition to the analysis of possible etiologies in microscopic aspects, the diagnosis of possible etiologies such as air pollution, harmful food additives, and intrauterine viral infections has attracted more and more attention from the relevant authorities. The clinical presentation is typical of intestinal obstruction, with postnatal vomiting, abdominal distension, and abnormal fetal stool evacuation. The early appearance and degree of symptoms are directly related to the location of atresia. Frequent vomiting can lead to dehydration and aspiration pneumonia, and long delays are bound to cause intestinal perforation, peritonitis, sepsis, and rapid deterioration of the condition and eventual death. Once the above symptoms are detected in a child, it is important to pay enough attention to bring the child to the hospital in a timely manner, due to the early consultation of patients with congenital intestinal atresia, the patient’s age, low weight and delicate tissues and organs, the surgery is delicate and difficult, the technical requirements of the surgeon are very high, the patient should choose a specialist hospital with a certain level of technology to operate, so as to avoid difficulties in the later processing.