Arteriosclerotic occlusive disease, a systemic disease, can occur in all major middle arteries of the body, mostly in the lower end of the large abdominal arteries and in the large and middle arteries of the lower extremities. It occurs mostly in people over 50 years of age, and the incidence of the disease is increasing with the improvement of the overall standard of living and the aging of the population. A recent statistic shows that there are 12 million patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease in the United States. If left untreated, chronic ischemia of the limbs caused by the disease can lead to osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, skin necrosis, and in severe cases, limb necrosis, often requiring amputation to save lives, causing great pain in the lives of patients. It has been reported that in people over 60 years old, the incidence of chronic lower limb arterial ischemia caused by limb artery blockage is 17% to 20%, and the amputation rate is as high as 5%. High-risk factors: The high-risk factors of lower limb atherosclerotic occlusive disease are hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease and stroke, etc. The incidence of these diseases increases year by year with the improvement of our economic level and with the improvement of people’s life, which sows the seeds of danger for lower limb atherosclerotic occlusive disease. In addition, long-term smoking, high-fat diet, lack of physical activity, mental tension or mental stress and other poor lifestyle habits are also high-risk causes of the disease. The symptoms of lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease are influenced by the speed of lesion progression, the amount of collateral circulation and the tolerance of the individual. Early manifestations are: (1) intermittent claudication: intermittent claudication is the appearance of calf pain when walking, the patient is forced to stop walking, rest for a few moments after the pain is relieved, can continue to walk, after a certain distance will repeat the calf pain. The degree of pain varies, manifesting as distension, dull pain, cramping or sharp pain. The time from the start of walking to the appearance of pain is called the limping time, and the distance walked is more than the limping distance. If the walking speed is fixed, the shorter the limping time and limping distance, the more serious the degree of lesion is indicated. (2) Sensory abnormalities: ① heaviness, manifested as a heavy, tired limb soon after walking, which can disappear after a few moments of rest. ② abnormal sensation, when arterial ischemia affects the nerve trunk, abnormal sensations such as numbness, paresthesia, pins and needles or ants may appear. (3) Skin temperature change: The temperature of the skin is related to the blood flow through the limb. In patients with arterial occlusive disease, the skin temperature decreases because of the reduced blood flow. (4) Color change:Normal skin is warm and pale red in color. The skin appears pale or cyanotic, suggesting inadequate arterial blood supply. Normal skin color at rest, but pale skin on the distal side of the limb after exercise, also suggests inadequate arterial blood supply, which is caused by selective shunting of blood into the exercising muscles because of the already reduced skin blood supply. However, in diabetic patients, due to peripheral neuropathy resulting in dullness of sensation, some patients with arterial blood supply to the lower extremities are already severely deficient, but the symptoms of lower extremity atherosclerosis occlusive disease are mild or even lacking. Patients with diabetes mellitus who have been ill for a long time should be aware of this. Patients with advanced disease show persistent pain, which is due to severe vascular lesions, and the blood supply still cannot meet the basic needs of the body in the resting state. However, if the neuropathy is severe, sensation may be diminished or lost. Treatment: As long as the risk factors of the disease are controlled and treated, all have positive preventive effects. (1) Non-surgical treatment: The main purpose is to lower blood lipids and blood pressure, improve the hypercoagulable state of blood and promote the formation of collateral circulation. The main methods of treatment include weight loss in obese people, strict smoking ban, appropriate activities, and strict control of blood glucose and blood lipids. (2) Surgical treatment: At present, minimally invasive interventional procedures are mostly performed, in which a percutaneous puncture is made to the artery under local anesthesia, a catheter with a balloon is inserted to the narrowed segment of the artery, and the balloon is inflated with appropriate pressure to squeeze and expand the lumen of the diseased stenosis to restore blood flow. For larger vessels a stent can also be implanted to keep the vessel open. This method is short, less painful, and results in significant improvement in symptoms. Vascular bypass grafting can also be used for some severe patients. In conclusion, although lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease is a benign disease, it can lead to a malignant outcome if left unattended. For middle-aged and elderly people, especially those with high-risk factors, they should pay attention to the disease and seek early medical attention when early symptoms of appeal appear. It is recommended that elderly people receive regular outpatient visits from a vascular specialist or vascular surgeon once or twice a year to detect high-risk limb atherosclerosis by asking targeted questions to There are non-invasive and simple diagnostic methods for this disease, and early diagnosis and treatment can yield good results, not only reducing the patient’s medical expenses, but also improving the patient’s quality of life.