Normally when microorganisms invade the body, the body’s immune defense system responds rapidly and appropriately; however, when immune defenses are deficient, over- or under-responsive, they can lead to the development and progression of sepsis through endogenous inflammatory substances. The key role in the early stage is cytokines. Under the stimulation of endotoxin, monocytes produce inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), which promote the adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelial cells, activate the coagulation system, and release a large number of inflammatory mediators, including other cytokines, leukotrienes, and proteases, and at the same time, they also produce anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-1 and TNF act synergistically and have many of the same biological effects. Studies in animal models of sepsis have shown that inhibition of IL-1 and TNF improves organ function and survival, while IL-8 chemotaxis neutrophils, leading to prolonged inflammation. IL-6 and IL-10 may negatively regulate and inhibit the production of TNF, enhance the effects of acute phase reactants and immunoglobulins, and inhibit the function of T lymphocytes and macrophages. However, only one of the many clinical studies suggests that altered concentrations of TNF have physiologic effects that can influence cytokine levels downstream of the immune cascade response. Sepsis is a common complication after severe trauma, burns, shock, and major surgery, and an important cause of death in critically ill surgical patients. It is now widely recognized that activation of the neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte macrophage systems and their release of endogenous mediators play a key role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of post-traumatic sepsis. The production of toxic particles is due to sepsis patients with white blood cell count increased significantly, usually up to (20~30) x109 / L or lower, left shifted, naïve increase, the emergence of toxic particles, the treatment is mainly active treatment of primary infectious foci, the rational use of antibiotics; for a long period of time of intravenous catheterization and urinary catheterization should be strengthened to enhance the cleanliness and disinfection of the local skin. Long-term use of glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and anticancer drugs in patients with low body resistance, in order to strengthen nutrition, improve physical fitness at the same time, should do a good job of protective isolation.