Abnormal urination should be alerted: the most common symptom of bladder cancer The unique “abnormal urination sign” of bladder cancer occurs in almost every patient, and about 85% of patients are seen because of hematuria. Hematuria is most often present throughout the entire urination process, or only at the beginning or end of urination. The hematuria is often painless and intermittent, and can reduce or stop on its own, making it extremely easy to create the illusion that the disease has healed. In addition, a small number of patients have symptoms such as increased frequency of urination, urgency and painful urination like “cystitis”, so we should be alert to the possibility of bladder cancer if “cystitis” is not cured by taking antibacterial agents for a long time. Urinalysis: Routine urine examination is valuable for early detection of bladder cancer. A few patients with bladder cancer may not have visual hematuria but only have microscopic hematuria when the red blood cells are found to be excessive during microscopic examination of urine. A very simple routine urine examination is valuable for early detection of bladder cancer. Urine exfoliative cytology is a simple, non-invasive and economical method for initial screening of patients with hematuria. Cystoscopy: the only means to confirm the diagnosis of bladder cancer before surgery When a patient presents with abnormal urination, especially painless carnal hematuria, or repeatedly found microscopic hematuria, he should undergo cystoscopy. The cystoscope is inserted into the bladder along the urethra to observe the whole bladder and the urethra at the same time to directly see the tumor site, size, number, degree of infiltration, etc. If biopsy is taken at the same time, the nature of the tumor can be clarified. If it is clear that the patient has bladder cancer, it is necessary to perform intravenous urography to show the renal calyces, renal pelvis and ureter by injecting contrast into the vein to clarify or exclude the suspected tumor. In addition, ultrasound and CT examinations can help to estimate the extent and depth of bladder cancer infiltration and the presence of surrounding lymph nodes. Necessary imaging examinations are very important to fully evaluate the disease and decide the treatment plan. It is a slow developing tumor, and as long as there is no distant metastasis, the treatment effect is good. At present, the treatment of bladder cancer is mainly based on surgery, and drug treatment is the post-operative adjuvant treatment. If there is no metastasis, the effect can live more than ten years or longer. Stay away from tobacco and chemical harmful substances 1. Smoking is the most certain risk factor for bladder cancer, so quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to prevent bladder cancer; and in fact, quitting smoking plays an important role in preventing the recurrence and progress of bladder cancer. 2.Avoiding exposure to harmful chemical substances and strengthening the protection of such occupational workers can also play a preventive role in the occurrence of bladder cancer. 3. Seek medical consultation as soon as visual hematuria occurs, especially painless hematuria. Screening for high-risk groups is also useful.