Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor originating from the urinary tubular epithelial system of the renal parenchyma, also known as renal adenocarcinoma, which accounts for 80-90% of renal malignancies and includes renal cell carcinoma subtypes originating from different parts of the urinary tubules. Kidney cancer accounts for about 2%-3% of adult malignancies. Its etiology is not yet clear and is related to genetics, smoking, obesity, hypertension and other diseases. The vast majority of renal cancers occur in one side of kidney, often as a single tumor, 10-20% as multiple foci. In 2004, WHO classified the histological classification of renal cell carcinoma into the following: clear cell carcinoma, suspicious cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, renal papillary carcinoma, Bellini’s collecting duct carcinoma and medullary carcinoma, etc.; and histological staging can be divided into Fuhrmann I-IV grade, the higher the grade, the worse the cell differentiation. The higher the grade, the worse the cell differentiation. Wang Shuo, Department of Urology, Peking University Cancer Hospital In clinical practice, kidney cancer is often staged according to TNM, with stage T1-T2 tumor confined to the kidney, stage T3 tumor invading the perirenal tissue but not invading Gerota’s fascia and ipsilateral adrenal gland, and stage T4 tumor invading beyond Gerota’s fascia or invading ipsilateral adrenal gland. The diagnosis of kidney cancer usually needs to rely on ultrasound, kidney CT, MRI, etc. For patients with giant renal cancer, preoperative selective embolization of the renal artery is often performed to reduce the blood supply to the tumor to decrease the difficulty and risk of surgery.