Cerebral white matter lesions can be categorized into 3 grades. Cerebral white matter lesions, also known as cerebral white matter demyelinating lesions, are nerve fibers in the deep medulla of the brain that have undergone demyelinating changes due to ischemia. Cerebral white matter lesions can be graded based on the severity of periventricular white matter lesions on cranial MRI. The most commonly used grading method is the Fazekas scale, which can be categorized into 3 levels. Grade 1 is when abnormal punctate hyperintensities are detected; grade 2 is when the lesion is gradually fusing and shows abnormal punctate hyperintensities; and grade 3 is when the lesion is already fused and irregular and patchy abnormal hyperintensities can be observed. The grading of white matter lesions can guide the treatment plan. Severe white matter lesions can lead to memory loss, poor reflexes, and even dementia. Anyone who suspects or detects a white matter lesion needs to go to the hospital as soon as possible to receive standardized treatment to avoid delays.