1.How to prevent iron deficiency anemia? Most of iron deficiency anemia can be prevented. The main thing is to pay attention to nutrition knowledge education and maternal and child health care. Such as improving infant feeding, advocating mother and child feeding and adding complementary foods, it is better for pregnant and lactating women to take appropriate iron supplements, and women should have a comprehensive diet and do not advocate a strict vegetarian diet, etc. Large-scale parasite control in hookworm endemic areas, timely eradication of excessive menstruation and various diseases of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. 2.Who are vulnerable to iron deficiency anemia? 1）Insufficient addition of supplementary food (egg yolk, meat) before and after weaning of infants and children aged 1-2 years. (2) Growing adolescents with unbalanced diet or partial eating habits, such as not eating meat or green leafy vegetables. (3) Women of childbearing age with excessive menstruation and women during pregnancy with insufficient iron supplementation. (4) Elderly people with tooth loss or inappropriate restriction of meat. 3.What foods are rich in iron? Iron-rich foods include: lean meat, animal blood, soybean products, green leafy vegetables, etc. The iron in animal meat is present in myoglobin and is easily absorbed. 4.Why should oral iron be preferred for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia? Iron is an essential trace element for cells and should be actively supplemented if there is a deficiency. However, too much iron is also harmful to the body. To prevent excessive iron absorption, the epithelial cells of the duodenum have the function of regulating iron absorption according to the amount of iron in the body. Therefore, oral iron should be chosen for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, which can be supplemented according to the amount of iron in the body to avoid excessive absorption of blind metro. 5.What are the adverse reactions of oral iron supplements? Mainly gastrointestinal reactions, such as stomach discomfort, bloating, nausea, diarrhea, etc., will disappear after stopping the drug. Taking iron with or after meals can reduce the above-mentioned adverse reactions. If children take liquid iron, use a straw to inhale, because iron will stain the teeth black. 6.Should I take vitamin C supplements when taking iron? Vitamin C is a reducing agent that helps reduce high-valent iron (F3+) to low-valent F2+ for easy absorption in the intestine. If you take ferrous iron preparations, it is not necessary to supplement vitamin C at the same time. 7.Why should I not drink strong tea when taking iron? The tannate and phosphate in tea can be combined with iron as insoluble complexes, affecting the absorption of iron, so do not drink strong tea at the same time when taking iron. If you drink tea 1-2 hours apart after taking iron, it will not have much effect. 8.How long should I take iron supplements to treat iron deficiency anemia? It is generally believed that after iron supplementation treatment, after the hemoglobin is restored to normal level, the serum ferritin level should reach 50ng/dl before the drug can be stopped. Therefore, in addition to regular measurement of hemoglobin, serum ferritin should be used to monitor the recovery of iron stored in the body during iron treatment. If there is no condition to measure serum ferritin, iron can be continued to be taken for 3 months after the hemoglobin is restored to normal before stopping the drug. 9.What are the reasons for the poor treatment effect of iron deficiency anemia? 1) The cause of iron deficiency has not been removed, such as bleeding has not stopped, and iron is not enough to replace the lost amount of iron, therefore, the original cause should be actively sought and treated; 2) The amount of iron supplementation is not enough, because the patient fails to take enough doses due to the side effects of iron or other reasons; 3) The patient has other causes of nutritional anemia present at the same time, such as megaloblastic anemia often coexists with iron deficiency, which should also be treated at the same time. 4) There is an error in diagnosis. The patient is not iron-deficient anemia because other anemias are ineffective when treated with iron. 10.Can “blood supplements” or iron-containing foods replace iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia? The “blood supplements” sold on the market do not necessarily contain iron, and some iron-containing foods (cookies, sugar or beverages) do not contain much iron even if they are labeled as such on the package, and they cannot replace iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. 11.Is it better for iron deficiency patients to take more iron supplements? No, it is not. Patients with iron deficiency should be monitored by ferritin when taking iron supplements. When serum ferritin reaches 50 micrograms/liter, it should be stopped because when there is too much iron in the body, iron will be present in the organs in the form of iron-containing hemoglobin that cannot be reused to make hemoglobin, forming iron-containing hemoglobin deposits, which will affect the function of organs (especially the function of heart, liver and kidney). 12.What if iron-deficient patients cannot tolerate oral iron supplements? If you can’t tolerate iron, you can consider extra-gastrointestinal administration, such as intramuscular or intravenous iron injection. The total amount of supplementation should be calculated before use (the formula is omitted), because parenteral administration is not regulated by the epithelial cells of the duodenum, which can be absorbed in its entirety and easily overdosed. 13, what are the adverse effects of intramuscular or intravenous iron injections? Local muscle pain, lymphadenitis, headache, fever, urticaria, and arthralgia can occur in about 5-13% of patients after iron injection, and are mostly mild or temporary. Occasionally, allergic reactions occur, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock can occur, which can be life-threatening, so first aid equipment should be available next to the drug.