Nutritional iron deficiency anemia is caused by the lack of iron in the body, which affects the synthesis of hemoglobin, especially in infants and children. According to statistics, nearly 40% of school-age and childcare children in China suffer from different degrees of anemia. The main causes of iron deficiency: 1. Insufficient congenital iron stores: premature birth, twin or multiple births, fetal blood loss and maternal iron deficiency can all reduce fetal iron stores. 2, insufficient iron intake: infants and young children in 4 to 6 months, the body’s stored iron has been consumed gradually, such as not adding iron-containing supplemental food in a timely manner, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. 3.Increased demand of iron in human body: infants and young children grow rapidly, with the increase of weight, blood volume also increases faster, immature children’s weight and hemoglobin increase even faster, if iron-rich food is not added, it is easy to cause iron deficiency. 4, iron absorption disorders: food with unreasonable, affecting the absorption of iron; chronic diarrhea not only iron malabsorption, but also increased excretion. 5, increased iron excretion: long-term chronic blood loss can lead to anemia, such as intestinal polyps, Meckel’s diverticulum, diaphragmatic hernia, hookworm disease, etc. Iron deficiency anemia manifestation: mainly manifested as pale skin, upper lip, oral mucosa and nails; children with long duration of disease often have easy fatigue, dry hair, low nutrition, physical growth retardation, often combined with infection, etc. Mild enlargement of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes; loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal distention or constipation. Irritability, inattention, and mental retardation; increased heart rate, heart enlargement, and even heart failure in cases of marked anemia. Nutritional iron deficiency anemia dietary treatment: 1, adhere to breastfeeding, breast milk contains the same amount of iron as cow’s milk, but its absorption rate is high, up to 50%, while cow’s milk is only 10%. 2, timely addition of iron-rich complementary foods (such as egg yolk, fish puree, liver puree, minced meat, animal blood, etc.). 3, timely addition of green vegetables, fruits and other foods rich in vitamin C, to promote the absorption of iron. 4, there should be enough animal food. The iron in animal food is heme iron, which is easily absorbed by the body. 5, the choice of complementary foods should be selected fortified with iron. 6, reduce the factors that inhibit the absorption of iron ellagic acid, oxalic acid, phytic acid, phosphoric acid, etc. have the effect of inhibiting the absorption of non-heme iron (iron in plants). 7.Iron supplements for those with severe anemia.