Infants and children from 6 months to 3 years of age have the highest incidence. It is mainly caused by insufficient intake of iron in food and lack of iron storage in the body, resulting in reduced synthesis of hemoglobin and causing anemia. It is most common in premature babies, low birth weight babies, artificially fed babies, and babies who have not added complementary foods in time and are picky eaters. Main manifestations: pale skin, poor physical strength, inactivity, loss of appetite, growth retardation, low immunity, and recurrent infections. Children with severe anemia may also show symptoms of rapid heart rate and shortness of breath. Clinically, hemoglobin measurement of 90-110g/L is defined as mild anemia, 60-89g/L as moderate anemia, and less than 60g/L as severe anemia. Preventive measures: 1. Promote breastfeeding and encourage breastfeeding mothers to eat more iron-rich foods to ensure the infant’s iron intake. 2.Iron-fortified cereals can be given to infants 4-6 months of age, and the introduction of other foods must not reduce the basic amount of milk for infants. Premature babies and low weight babies should be supplemented with iron from the age of 2 months, and iron fortified milk powder can be given. 3. Gradually introduce iron-containing animal foods to infants after 7 months of age. 4.Ensure the intake of vitamin C, which can effectively promote the absorption of iron. Take iron supplements after meals, and do not take them with milk, calcium powder, strong tea, coffee, etc. to avoid affecting absorption. 5, older children should pay attention to a balanced diet and try to use more iron-rich foods with a high absorption rate. Such as animal liver, animal blood, animal meat, etc. 6. Hemoglobin should be tested when infants are 6 months old, 1 week old, 2 weeks old and 3 weeks old, and anemia should be corrected in time.