Iron deficiency anemia is the most common anemic disease in clinical practice and can be seen in patients of various specialties in hospitals. In clinical practice, it is found that people do not have a good grasp of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, and patients and their families often ask about it in clinical practice. Therefore, I would like to briefly describe the treatment considerations of iron deficiency anemia as follows. I. Diagnosis: Iron deficiency anemia is usually clinically manifested as small cell hypochromic anemia (according to routine red blood cell parameters), i.e. MCV (mean red blood cell volume/volume), MCH (mean red blood cell hemoglobin volume), MCHC (mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration) are decreased, with chronic blood loss, insufficient iron intake or history of gastrointestinal surgery (e.g. women with excessive menstruation, clinical performance may be large blood clots, long menstrual periods, and even collapse; bleeding hemorrhoids; bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract; blood in urine, etc.), and decreased serum iron, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and increased total iron binding capacity on clinical examination, iron deficiency anemia can generally be diagnosed. The diagnosis should be combined with the presence or absence of inflammatory stimulation, infection, tumor and other effects of the patient, and if necessary, bone marrow aspiration for iron staining should be performed to clarify the diagnosis (this is the basis for confirming the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia). Second, pay attention to the differentiation with thalassemia: thalassemia routine also shows small cell hypochromic anemia, but it is a hereditary disease, generally seen in Guangxi, Guangdong and other places in China, and the patient’s parents have thalassemia gene carrier and other conditions. In general, the RDW (red blood cell distribution width) of iron deficiency anemia is elevated while the RDW of thalassemia is normal. However, further hemoglobin composition analysis or thalassemia gene testing is required for clear identification. In general, patients with mild thalassemia do not have any physical discomfort and do not need treatment. Patients with thalassemia major, who have had the disease since childhood, often require regular blood transfusions, iron removal therapy, and bone marrow (hematopoietic stem cell) transplantation for radical treatment. Patients with intermediate thalassemia often have mild to moderate anemia, which can be aggravated under physical stress conditions such as trauma and severe infections, and may require red blood cell transfusions occasionally. Third, after the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia is clear, attention should be paid to the examination of the cause of iron deficiency: because it is mostly caused by chronic blood loss, special attention should be paid to exclude tumor diseases of the digestive system. In terms of treatment, it is best to treat the cause of iron deficiency at the same time as iron supplementation. IV. Drug treatment course: Iron deficiency anemia often requires long-term oral iron supplementation, and the course of treatment is to maintain oral iron supplementation for more than 3 months after the blood routine is normalized (it should be supplemented until the bone marrow iron stores are normalized). Fifth, Chinese medicine treatment, often need to be combined with the patient’s specific evidence to prescribe oral medicine: commonly used drugs: astragalus, ginseng, atractylodes, red dates, wolfberry, gum, longan meat, angelica, etc. Sixth, diet: attention should be paid to avoid partial diet, more intake of iron-rich food, such as animal blood, animal liver, meat, beans, spinach, black fungus, etc.. To sum up, when the blood routine suggests anemia, you should go to the hospital for consultation and examination, and if necessary, go to a blood specialist for consultation and treatment, never be blindly optimistic or ignore. After diagnosis, oral medication should be taken in sufficient quantity and for the cause of iron deficiency to avoid recurrence of the disease.