Glaucoma is a common and difficult eye disease with rapid onset and high risk of blindness at any time. It is characterized by an intermittent or persistent increase in intraocular pressure beyond what the eye can tolerate, resulting in damage to all parts of the eye and visual function, leading to optic nerve atrophy, narrowing of the visual field, and loss of vision, with blindness only occurring sooner or later, with complete blindness occurring within 24-48 hours during acute attacks. Glaucoma is a binocular lesion, which can develop in both eyes at the same time, or in one eye, followed by blindness in both eyes. The lack of knowledge about glaucoma often leads to delayed diagnosis and blindness. Therefore, the early dissemination of general knowledge about glaucoma, screening, diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma is the key to prevent optic nerve damage and blindness. Glaucoma can be divided into congenital, primary, secondary and mixed glaucoma. I. Congenital glaucoma: 1. Infantile glaucoma: This type is mostly found in children aged 0-3 years. The disease is present in the mother, and the symptoms appear immediately or slowly after birth. The lesions are usually bilateral, but not necessarily simultaneous, and 25-30% of children have monocular disease. The clinical manifestations are protruding eyeballs, relatively large eyes, resembling the eyes of a cow, fear of light, lacrimation, eye rubbing, and eyelid spasms. The key to the prognosis of this type lies in the timely detection of abnormalities by parents and the correct diagnosis by doctors. 2. Juvenile glaucoma: The age of onset is between 3 and 30 years. The clinical manifestations of this type are similar to those of open-angle glaucoma, and the onset is insidious and extremely dangerous. More than 90% of patients do not show typical glaucoma symptoms, but come to the clinic with “myopia, visual fatigue, headache, insomnia”, or even unconscious blindness, and only after detailed examination do they know it is glaucoma. Parents should bring their children for health check-ups to avoid lifelong disabilities caused by this type of glaucoma. Primary glaucoma: 1. Acute closed-angle glaucoma: Acute closed-angle glaucoma occurs when the atrial angle in the eye suddenly narrows or closes and the atrial fluid cannot be discharged in time, causing excessive atrial fluid in the eye and a sharp rise in intraocular pressure. It mostly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, accounting for 90% of those over 40 years old. The incidence is higher in women, with a male to female ratio of 1:4. The onset of the disease is fierce, with sudden onset of severe eye distension and pain, eye redness, sharp loss of vision, accompanied by significant headache, nausea and vomiting, high blood pressure, and systemic symptoms that are easily misdiagnosed as gastroenteritis, encephalitis, neurological headache and other pathologies. If you do not receive timely treatment, you can be completely blind and have no sense of light in 24-48 hours. 2, chronic closed angle glaucoma: This type accounts for more than 50% of primary glaucoma patients, the age of onset of 30 years old or more, in recent years, with the increasing pace of life, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce, brain workers have a sharp increase in the trend, this type of attack generally have obvious causes, such as emotional excitement, visual fatigue, eye and brain overuse, long-term insomnia, habitual constipation, women in menstruation, or local, systemic medication, can be a cause of the disease. This type of attack can be triggered by emotional excitement, visual fatigue, overuse of the eyes and brain, chronic insomnia, constipation, women during menstruation, or improper local or systemic medication. Some patients can be relieved after rest, some patients without any symptoms that blindness, examination, intraocular pressure can be normal or fluctuate, or not too high about 21-30mmHg, the fundus early can be normal, this type is most likely to be misdiagnosed. This type is most likely to be misdiagnosed. Once the anterior chamber angle is closed by adhesions in such repeated episodes, acute angle-closure glaucoma can be formed. 3, primary open angle glaucoma: mostly occurs in people over 40. 25% of patients have a family history. The vast majority of patients have no obvious symptoms, and some have no discomfort until blindness. The anterior chamber angle is open at the time of onset. This type of people are the most difficult to detect, the usual regular health check eye pressure and eye condition is the key. Secondary glaucoma: Glaucoma caused by ocular and systemic diseases are all in this category, the cause is quite complex and there are many kinds, now only briefly describe the most common kinds of secondary glaucoma. 1, refractive error (i.e. myopia, hyperopia) secondary glaucoma: due to the refractive system regulation malfunction, ciliary muscle dysfunction, atrial aqueous secretion is not constant, coupled with the iris root compression of the anterior chamber angle, atrial aqueous drainage is blocked, so caused by increased intraocular pressure, such patients are clinically characterized by self-conscious visual fatigue symptoms or no obvious discomfort, wearing glasses can not correct vision, easy to misdiagnosis, so patients with a history of refractive error once the appearance of If patients with a history of refractive error have unexplained ocular abnormalities, they should promptly find a doctor with extensive clinical experience in glaucoma for detailed examination. 2. Glaucoma secondary to angular, conjunctival and uveitis: Intraocular inflammation causes clouding of atrial fluid, ciliary muscle, iris and corneal edema, shallowing of the atrial angle, or pupillary adhesions and obstruction of the trabecular meshwork, which prevents normal drainage of atrial fluid and causes an increase in intraocular pressure. 3.Glaucoma secondary to cataract: During the development of lens clouding, expansion and thickening occur, resulting in overcrowding and narrowing of the anterior chamber and obstruction of atrial aqueous drainage, causing IOP to rise. 4, traumatic glaucoma: blunt contusion of the eye caused by the atrial angle tear, iris root disconnection, etc., so that the secretion and discharge pathway of atrial water is blocked secondary to glaucoma optic nerve atrophy, IOP more delayed elevation. Therefore, this type of patients are usually treated by western medicine in the early stage of trauma, and they think they are fine and do not need further treatment, resulting in a slow rise in intraocular pressure leading to blindness. Mixed glaucoma Two or more types of primary glaucoma exist together, and the clinical symptoms are the same as each combined type. The diagnosis of glaucoma is confirmed by the following tests: IOP examination, visual field examination, fundus examination, atrial angioscopy, and in special patients, electrophysiology, nerve fiber layer thickness, corneal thickness, etc. Treatment of glaucoma is divided into medication, laser iris perimetry and anti-glaucoma surgery. Most patients can preserve their vision after early diagnosis and treatment, but irreversible visual impairment and even blindness can occur if detected too late. Therefore, the key to prevention and treatment of glaucoma is to understand the general knowledge of glaucoma, early detection and early treatment.