First aid for intestinal obstruction Intestinal obstruction is a group of clinical syndromes caused by different etiologies in which the intestinal contents cannot pass through the intestine normally. It can not only change the function of the intestine, but also disrupt the physiological function of the whole body.
I. Main causes 1. Mechanical obstruction is the most common, accounting for about 90% or more. Intestinal wall lesion: triggered by congenital intestinal stenosis, atresia, tumor, inflammation, etc. Intestinal tube compression: caused by intestinal torsion, intestinal adhesions, incarcerated hernia, etc. Intestinal lumen blockage: such as fecal mass, parasitic worm eggs, foreign bodies, etc.
2.Dynamic intestinal obstruction is less common, mostly due to the dysfunction of intestinal wall muscles caused by neural reflexes or toxin stimulation, so that intestinal peristalsis is weakened or disappeared, and intestinal spasm, so that intestinal contents stop running.
3, hemodynamic intestinal obstruction is mostly due to the formation of mesenteric vascular thrombosis or blockage, resulting in impaired intestinal blood flow and loss of peristaltic force. Intestinal obstruction can also be divided into simple, strangulated, high, low, complete and incomplete intestinal obstruction.
Second, the judgment is often based on the following points to determine the condition 1, to determine whether intestinal obstruction exists according to the four major symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, anal failure to defecate without exhaustion. Together with the intestinal peristaltic waves or intestinal shape visible in the abdomen and hyperactive bowel sounds, the diagnosis can generally be made.
2.How to distinguish the types of intestinal obstruction mechanical intestinal obstruction has typical paroxysmal abdominal colic, violent vomiting, abdominal distension, stopping defecation and exhaustion from the anus. Dynamic intestinal obstruction: no paroxysmal colic and hyperactive intestinal peristalsis. Intestinal peristalsis is reduced or disappeared, and abdominal distension is obvious. Strangulated intestinal obstruction: abdominal pain is acute and persistently aggravated, with rapid onset, rapid change of condition, early signs of shock; vomiting blood, blood in stool, vomit is bloody or coffee-like; abdominal distension is uneven and masses can be found.
Third, emergency intestinal obstruction occurs 1, will lead to a series of pathological changes in the body, due to a large number of vomiting, can not eat, resulting in reduced blood volume and blood concentration. Acid metabolites increase, causing metabolic acidosis. Intestinal contents sludge, bacterial multiplication produces a large number of toxins, which are absorbed by the organism and cause systemic toxic symptoms, easily leading to shock. The prognosis is poor and requires early surgery.
2.Relief of intestinal obstruction, correction of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance imbalance, and prevention and control of infection are the general principles. Early simple and incomplete intestinal obstruction, with good general condition, mild symptoms and no obvious peritoneal irritation piece, non-surgical treatment is adopted.
① Make the patient lie still and comfort the patient to eliminate the tension.
②Fasten the diet.
③Analgesic sedation, subcutaneous injection of atropine 0.5mg; or Dulcolax 50-100mg intramuscular injection, repeat 1 injection after 6 hours if necessary.
④Gastrointestinal decompression is the key to treating intestinal obstruction, which can suck out intestinal fluid and gas and reduce intestinal lumen pressure, one with single-lumen gastric tube and one with double-lumen m-a tube to eliminate bacteria and toxins.
⑤ Chinese medicine treatment has some auxiliary effect on intestinal obstruction, such as compound Da Cheng Qi Tang and Ascaris Cheng Qi Tang.
(6) Acupuncture or hand-guided acupuncture points such as Zhonggu, Tianshu, Fusanli, Hegu, Guanyuan and Qihai. No matter which type of intestinal obstruction, it is the best policy to send the patient to hospital quickly for emergency treatment, especially if the condition continues to deteriorate when out-of-hospital emergency treatment is ineffective, the patient should be sent to hospital quickly in every second.