Diabetes is a series of metabolic disorders such as sugar, protein, fat, water and electrolytes caused by genetic factors, immune dysfunction, microbial infections and their toxins, free radical toxins, mental factors and other pathogenic factors that cause hypoglycemia and insulin resistance in the body. In typical cases, there may be polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, lethargy and other symptoms, namely “three more and one less”. Diabetes mellitus is divided into type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 95% of all diabetic patients. Type 1 diabetes occurs mostly in adolescents, who depend on exogenous insulin to maintain life due to lack of insulin secretion. type 2 diabetes is mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly people, whose insulin secretion is not low but even high, and the clinical manifestation is that the body is not sensitive to insulin, i.e. insulin resistance. Insulin is the only hypoglycemic hormone in the body secreted by the B cells of the human pancreas. Insulin resistance refers to the reduced sensitivity of peripheral tissues in the body to insulin, and the resistance of peripheral tissues such as muscles and fat to insulin to promote the absorption, conversion and utilization of glucose. Clinical observation of insulin resistance is prevalent in type 2 diabetes, up to about 90%. Diabetes can be a major cause of death and disability by leading to infections, cardiac lesions, cerebrovascular lesions, renal failure, double vision, and lower limb gangrene. Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome is a serious acute complication of diabetes mellitus. The initial stage can be characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy and unresponsiveness, etc. With the increase of water loss in the body, the disease progresses rapidly and symptoms like drowsiness, disorientation, epileptiform convulsions, hemiparesis and other stroke-like symptoms, and even coma appear.