Optic nerve atrophy is a pathological state of extensive atrophy of the optic nerve fibers at the end stage of a variety of diseases of the optic nerve. The main manifestation of optic nerve atrophy is irreversible loss of vision or even loss of visual acuity. Because of the many causes, such as lesions of the optic nerve itself, encroachment of peripheral lesions or intracranial lesions, there is no effective method of treatment. Therefore, prevention of optic nerve atrophy is crucial. In the early stages of the disease, the primary lesion should be treated aggressively. For ischemic optic neuropathy, treatment is based on vasodilator drugs; for optic neuritis, treatment is based on corticosteroids, along with antibiotics and antiviral drugs; for demyelinating lesions, treatment is based on corticosteroids. Tests that are helpful for diagnosis, disease detection and efficacy determination are: visual acuity examination, visual field examination, visual evoked potential, head or eye CT, MRI examination, etc. After the cause of the disease is clearly identified, targeted treatment is actively taken. When the lesion progresses to the stage of optic nerve atrophy, the lesion is irreversible and it is basically difficult to restore the visual function, so it is important to maintain the existing function of the existing optic nerve by combining with nerve nutrition (vitamin B1, B12, neurotrophic factor, etc.) and improving circulation therapy. In summary, the treatment of optic nerve atrophy mainly needs to be based on the specific situation of the patient to develop a treatment plan, so as to achieve better results.