Spring keratoconjunctivitis is defined, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, respectively. 1. What is spring keratoconjunctivitis? Spring keratoconjunctivitis, also known as spring keratoconjunctivitis, is a seasonal, recurrent immune conjunctivitis. It mostly occurs in the spring and summer during the warm season. It is most commonly seen in children and adolescents under 20 years of age in prepubescence, and is more common in males, often invading both eyes. 2. What is the cause of springtime keratoconjunctivitis? The exact cause is unknown. In the past, it was thought that the disease was mainly a type 1 allergic conjunctivitis mediated by LgE antibodies. However, recent studies have suggested that lgG antibodies and cellular immunity are also involved in the development of this disease. The causative allergens can be pollen of various plants, protein components of various microorganisms, animal dander and feathers, etc. 3. What are the clinical manifestations of springtime keratoconjunctivitis? The symptoms are: strange itching. Photophobia, lacrimation and foreign body sensation are mild, and slightly more severe when the cornea is involved. Signs are: according to the lesion site can be divided into lid conjunctiva type, keratoconjunctiva type and mixed type. It is possible to have both round vertebral corneas. Lid conjunctival type: The lesion is mainly in the upper lid conjunctiva. The entire conjunctiva is initially congested with a small amount of mucus-like discharge. Later, thick, flattened papillae of varying size appear in the lid conjunctiva, arranged like paving stones. After repeated episodes, the conjunctival papillae may fade completely without scarring, unless previous freezing, radiation, surgery, or other invasive treatment has been performed. Corneal Margin Type: It is more common in Asians and blacks. Initially, it presents as a yellowish-brown or dirty-red gel-like thickening of the corneal rim, which is evident above the corneal rim. Mixed type: Both the lid conjunctiva and the corneal conjunctiva present with these lesions. Corneal involvement can occur in all types of patients and manifests as diffuse epithelial keratitis. Occasionally, a limited or central oval superficial corneal ulcer above may be seen, leaving a slight corneal scar after healing. In some patients, white Horner-Trantas nodules (composed of degenerated eosinophils and epithelial cells) may be seen at the corneal limbus in the acute phase. Small vascular opacities may be seen above the cornea, and rarely, full circumferential corneal vascularization. 4.What is the diagnosis of spring keratoconjunctivitis? The diagnosis is based on: male youth prevalence, seasonal recurrent episodes, itchiness; flattened paving stones in the conjunctival papillae of the upper lid, or gelatinous nodules at the corneal limbus; more scattered eosinophilic nodules in the conjunctival secretions, etc. 5. How to treat keratoconjunctivitis in spring? Spring keratoconjunctivitis is not yet a cure, there is a certain self-limiting, vasoconstrictor (such as 0, 1% adrenaline solution) combined with antihistamine (such as terfenadine), cold compresses, cell membrane stabilizers (2%-4% sodium cromoglycate, 2% calcium chloride drops, etc.), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can improve the symptoms. Topical application of glucocorticoids can reduce the symptoms, but one should be alert to the possibility of complications such as hormonal glaucoma with long-term medication. For recurrent cases, 2% cyclosporine eye drops can be used for treatment. In addition, relocation to air-conditioned rooms, cold working environments or living areas can be beneficial for recurrent patients. Chinese ophthalmologists apply the herbal medicine Shuangjiao Tang (15g honeysuckle 15g dandelion 15g asparagus 9g scutellaria 9g hedgehog 4, 5g gentian 9g thorax 9g fangfeng 9g mulberry bark 6g licorice 3g decoction in water. Addition and subtraction: for dry stools, add Rhizoma Rheum 3g to 9g; for loose stools, remove Gentiana, add Atractylodes Macrocephala 9g, Atractylodes Macrocephala 9g; for heavy wind-heat and itchy eyes, add Qiang Zhi 9g. And gong ying qiang wu soup: dandelion 30g qiang wu 9g water decoction) treatment, in addition, with point eye drops and acupuncture treatment, to achieve better results.