With the arrival of the aging population, more and more patients come to the clinic for facial age spots, and some middle-aged people also have age spots, why is this? 1.How are age spots produced? Age spots, medically known as seborrheic keratosis, occur in seborrheic areas, such as scalp, face, chest and back, especially the temporal area, followed by the back of the hand, drive stem and forearm, not involving the palm and metatarsal. Generally, it is easy to appear in elderly people over 60 years old, but some middle-aged people have age spots. Some cases with family history and generalized lesions are hereditary and may show autosomal dominant inheritance. Melanocytes or melanocyte-derived growth factor, estrogen, and human papilloma virus may play a role in the development of this disease. 2.What are the manifestations of age spots The initial damage of age spots is often one or more flat pale brown spots with clear boundary and smooth or fine granular surface. Later, the damage can gradually expand to several centimeters, higher than the skin surface, lusterless, as if “sticky” on the skin surface, many damage has obvious hair follicle keratin, later damage often shows pigmentation and greasy scales that can be peeled off. After irritation or infection, the lesions may swell, with oozing, crusting, and occasionally bleeding. Some early damages resemble flat warts; damages occurring on exposed areas are easily confused with solar keratosis; damages with deep pigmentation need to be distinguished from melanocytic nevi; damages with inflammation or irritation may resemble basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma, which can be distinguished by histopathological examination. At present, there are three kinds of arguments: The first one is that after entering old age, cell metabolism decreases and fat in the body is easily oxidized, producing age pigment. This pigment cannot be discharged from the body and is deposited on the cell body, thus forming age spots. The second believes that when people reach old age, the metabolism in the body starts to decrease, which leads to the accumulation of tiny brown particles in the basal layer of skin cells. The third one is that the activity of peroxide dismutase, which has anti-peroxidation effect in the body, decreases in old age, and the free radicals in the cells increase relatively, and the free radicals and their induced peroxidation reactions poison the organism for a long time to produce a substance called “free radicals”, that is, lipofuscin, which accumulates on the surface of human body and forms age spots. 4.Does age spots need treatment? Generally, they are benign skin tumors and rarely become malignant. When many patients come to the clinic, they treat age spots as common warts or pigmented nevi. This is also its very easy to confuse several diseases. For facial and hand age spots affecting aesthetics, laser treatment can be chosen. If multiple age spot-like lesions appear in a short term concentration (such as within six months), called Leser-Trelat sign, one should be alert to the occurrence of visceral tumors. 5.The best treatment method for age spots Traditional treatment methods such as grinding, freezing, chemical drug peeling, carbon dioxide laser. In recent years, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and fractional laser can be used to treat age spots. In addition, the use of two or more laser combination, drug combination laser and other personalized treatment plans have been increasingly recognized and promoted in medicine. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is a kind of photoelectric element. Q-switched technology is based on selective photothermal action, and the energy generated by the laser in a short time is expressed in the form of pulses, and this instantaneous heat release can break melanocytes and melanin-forming cells at a depth of up to 2 mm, which is much less than the thermal relaxation time of melanin vesicles, thus causing little damage to the surrounding tissues. Fractional laser technology is based on the principle of focal photothermal action, which divides a beam of light into a number of regularly arranged micro-beams, creating a number of micro-perforations deep into the dermis, i.e. micro-treatment zones. A certain amount of normal intact skin is preserved between the micro treatment areas, which plays a bridging role in skin repair. Through the horizontal repair of basal cells, the postoperative skin repair time is greatly shortened and complications such as postoperative pigmentation and erythema are reduced, which has the advantages of less pain, faster wound healing, low incidence of pigmentation and easy operation. In recent years, age spots have attracted more and more attention from medical doctors, and scholars have been experimenting with various antioxidants, and the results are surprisingly good. The current research proves that vitamin E is a kind of ideal antioxidant, which can prevent unsaturated fatty acid from generating lipofuscin. From the plasma examination of healthy elderly people over 60 years old, it was found that the content of vitamin E decreases with age, which indicates that vitamin E has a relationship with the active chemical free radicals. To prevent age spots, the intake ratio of animal fats and vegetable fats should be adjusted (the normal ratio is 1:2). Although vegetable fats contain more unsaturated fatty acids, eating vegetarian food alone cannot prevent the content of brown pigment from increasing, so we should change the diet of refusing meat and favoring vegetarian. In addition, to maintain a relaxed mood and “two stools” smooth. Eat more fresh vegetables, especially onions, radishes, celery, spinach, almonds, dates, etc.