Stable pericardial effusions that are not expected to develop pericardial tamponade can be treated with medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diuretics, and other allopathic treatments, which should be administered in strict compliance with the doctor’s instructions. If the pericardial effusion is stable, conservative drug therapy is feasible. NSAIDs such as indomethacin or ibuprofen are used for pain relief and anti-inflammation; diuretics such as furosemide or spironolactone are used to reduce the production of fluid. There are many causes of pericardial effusion, including tuberculosis, which requires anti-tuberculosis treatment such as isoniazid; rheumatism, which requires anti-rheumatic treatment such as glucocorticoids; and hypothyroidism, which requires thyroid hormone supplementation. All medications should be strictly prescribed by the doctor. The treatment of pericardial effusion mainly depends on the amount of pericardial effusion, the rate of effusion and the cause of the disease. If the pericardial effusion is more serious, complications such as pericardial tamponade may occur, and rescue treatment such as puncture and drainage and anti-shock treatment is needed. Other treatments include oxygenation and active rehydration to maintain blood pressure. If necessary, surgical treatment such as thoracoscopic pericardial opening and drainage is performed.