1, the purpose of reasonable diet: reduce insulin burden; lose weight; reduce postprandial hyperglycemia; correct the metabolic disorders that have occurred; prevent and treat acute and chronic complications; and improve overall health. Reasonable diet structure: 15-20% of protein; 25-30% of fat; 50-60% of carbohydrate; reasonable mix; balanced diet; control of total calories; vitamins and inorganic salts should be sufficient. 2, three major nutrients: carbohydrates: also known as sugar, is the most economical and main source of energy for human beings; provide energy for brain tissue, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle activities; account for 50% to 60% of total calories throughout the day; each gram of carbohydrates can produce 4 kcal of heat. Its types include pasta, rice and grains, sugar, glucose, white sugar, fructose, etc.; fruits: apples, pears, peaches, oranges, etc.; some of the vegetables: starchy dishes such as potatoes. Protein: is the material basis of life and organism; when there is enough sugar and fat, protein is not used for heat production and plays a major role in the repair of human growth and development tissues and cell renewal; it accounts for 15% to 20% of the total daily calories. Each gram of protein can produce 4 kcal. Its types include: eggs: eggs, duck eggs; milk: milk, yogurt, milk powder; fish and shrimp: carp, grass carp, shrimp, crab; some lean meats; soybeans: tofu, soy milk. Fat: easy to ignore and over-eat; 9 kcal per gram of fat; 25%-30% of total daily calories; cholesterol should be controlled below 300 mg per day. Its types include: vegetable oil, animal oil, animal offal, fatty meat, animal skin, pig skin, chicken skin, duck skin, fish skin, dried fruits: peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts. 3, the daily amount of nutrition required by the human body: staple foods: 250 grams to 300 grams (not less than 150 grams); eggs and meat: 100 grams to 150 grams; oils: 20 grams to 30 grams; fruits: 200 grams to 300 grams; vegetables: 500 grams; milk: 250 grams; salt: 6g; water: 1500ml to 2000ml. 4, how to nutritional meal: breakfast: staple foods: 50 grams to 75 grams, eggs: 50 grams to 75 grams. 50g～75g, egg: one, milk: 250ml; Chinese food: staple food: 100g～125g, fish, eggs, beans, meat: 50g～75g, vegetables: 250g, oil: 10g. Dinner: staple food: 75 grams to 100 grams, fish, eggs and beans: 50 grams to 75 grams, vegetables: 250 grams, oil: 10 grams; additional meals: fruit: 250 grams to 300 grams or tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, etc. Advocate eating less and more meals; pay attention to timing, quality and quantity when adding meals. 5, food that affects the rise of blood sugar: also known as soft, rotten, thick, sticky easily absorbed food. Porridge: rice porridge, millet porridge, corn porridge, eight-pot porridge, etc.; noodles: noodles, noodle soup, wontons, buns, dumplings, instant noodles, etc.; fried foods: doughnuts, oil cakes, sesame, snacks, etc.; soups: chicken soup, beef soup, pork ribs soup, soup, etc.; vegetables: bean dishes, beans, peas, beans, etc.; vegetables with high sugar content: carrots, onions, pumpkins; vegetables with high starch content: potatoes, yams, lotus root; fruits: bananas, bananas, peas, etc. lotus root; fruits: bananas, lychees, gui yuan, dates, grapes, persimmons, cantaloupe 6, affect the rise of blood sugar less food: also known as dry, hard, containing less calories not easily absorbed food: staple food: rice, steamed buns, large cakes, nest, dry bread; vegetables: with leafy greens (cabbage, cabbage, etc.); fruits: apples, pears, peaches, oranges, strawberries, watermelon 7, simple diet exchange method : 1 tael of rice (50g) = 1 bowl of noodles = 1 bowl of rice flour = 2 slices of bread = 6 soda crackers 1 teaspoon of vegetable oil (10g) = 18 peanuts = 50 melon seeds = 5 almond nuts = 10 pistachios = 2 walnuts 1 block of tofu (100g) = 2 slices of dried five-spice beans = 2 triangles of oiled tofu = 1 cup of soy milk (240ml) = 1 cup of milk (250ml) = 1 cup of yogurt ( 125g) 200g pears = 200g apples = 200g peaches = 200g oranges = 500g watermelon 8. The effect of alcohol on diabetes: when it comes to diet, you can’t leave out alcohol: beer and liquor are a high-calorie beverage 1ml of pure alcohol can produce 7 kcal of heat. Alcohol is not good for sugar metabolism: it can make the pancreas congested and edematous, damaging the pancreas; drinking large amounts of alcohol increases the burden of liver detoxification and damages liver function.