The kidney mainly has the function of excreting metabolites in the body and regulating homeostasis. When its function is lost, it cannot excrete some toxins and metabolites from the body with urine. Various primary or secondary renal diseases lead to progressive destruction of renal parenchyma, which can eventually develop into chronic renal failure. The main manifestations are retention of metabolites, water and electrolyte disorders, acid-base balance imbalance and symptoms of various systems of the body. The main clinical manifestations are loss of appetite, epigastric fullness, anemia and bleeding, fatigue, insomnia, skin pruritus, hypertension, and heart failure. At present, the effect of drug treatment for renal failure is not satisfactory, and only artificial methods can be used to replace the kidney function in order to maintain the patient’s life. Currently, hemodialysis therapy is mostly used, and often requires long-term hemodialysis to maintain life. In hemodialysis, the patient’s blood is introduced into the dialyzer at the same time with dialysis fluid containing certain chemical components, and dialysis is performed across a semi-permeable membrane to excrete metabolites, purify the blood and replenish necessary substances, remove excess water retained in the body through ultrafiltration and osmosis, and replenish needed substances such as bases at the same time. It corrects the disturbance of electrolyte and acid-base balance, thus partially replacing the excretory function of the kidney and thus acting as an artificial kidney. An arteriovenous fistula is an artificial short-circuit between the arteries and veins using vascular surgery techniques to provide long-term and effective extracorporeal circulation for hemodialysis. Arteriovenous fistulas are indicated for patients with chronic renal failure requiring prolonged hemodialysis treatment. The International Society of Nephrology recommends that arteriovenous fistula access be established 4 months prior to dialysis rather than at the start of dialysis, and that autologous arteriovenous fistulas be performed earlier in elderly patients, in patients with diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in patients with comorbid other organ insufficiency. Arteriovenous fistula is the lifeline for uremic hemodialysis patients. Since July 2011, our vascular surgery department has successfully performed autologous or artificial vascular arteriovenous endovascular fistula for more than 200 dialysis patients with chronic renal failure, and more than 40 cases of stenosis occlusion after arteriovenous endovascular fistula have been treated in the past 2 years, so that they can live and work better, improve the quality of life and prolong the life of patients, which has achieved good social benefits.