Breastmilk
The breast milk that begins after the delivery of a pregnant woman is colostrum, later it is transitional milk, and after 3-7 days it turns into mature milk, and there are many advantages of breast milk.
1. The composition of breast milk is most suitable for newborns and preterm babies: the ratio of whey protein to casein in protein is 7:3, which forms the smallest milk clot and is easily whispered, and the amino acid metabolism is complete without retaining too much phenylalanine and tyrosine (tyrosine). Human milk has a high level of cysteine and amino taurine. Human milk has a high level of unsaturated lipid acid, which is easily absorbed and increases the absorption of calcium. The sugars are mainly lactose, which helps the absorption of calcium and magnesium, and the total amount of minerals is not high, and the ratio of calcium and phosphorus is appropriate. The total lane pressure of human milk is not high, which is not easy to cause necrotizing small intestine colitis and does not increase the load of kidney.
The breast milk of full-term infants contains lower protein, sodium, zinc and copper than the breast milk of preterm infants, which cannot meet the needs of preterm infants. Breast milk of preterm infants.
(1) High protein, the protein of maternal colostrum before 34 weeks of gestational age is as high as 3.24±O.31g/100ml, which is conducive to the rapid growth of preterm infants, the higher the amount of protein in breast milk for preterm infants of different gestational ages. Premature babies have better digestion ability of protein and can adapt to breast milk containing high protein.
(2) The amount of fat is lower and more easily absorbed.
(3) Lower lactose in carbohydrates. Suitable for preterm infants with low lactase activity.
(4) Higher sodium, which facilitates the early excretion of relatively high amounts of sodium from extracellular fluid in preterm infants.
(5) Higher calcium and phosphorus, which is good for bone growth.
(6) Although the total caloric energy is lower, but preterm infants have less activity and less caloric energy needs.
2, breastfeeding can enhance disease resistance: colostrum and transition milk in the secretory bilge high, can enhance the gastrointestinal tract disease resistance. High lysozyme in breast milk and more macrophages can be directly sterilized. Lactoferin (lactoferin) is high in breast milk, which can inhibit the growth and activity of E. coli, and also has the effect of directly protecting the intestinal mucosa from bacterial invasion. Infants directly breastfeeding, milk is not easy to contaminate.
3, breastfeeding can enhance the feelings of mothers and infants: so that babies can get more maternal love, enhance the sense of security, grow up to be more cheerful and easy to approach. There are many factors in the formation of personality, but breastfeeding is one of the important ones. Advocating mother and baby in the same room in the maternity hospital, increasing the direct contact between the baby and the mother, can improve the success rate of breastfeeding.
Cow’s milk
Cow’s milk is rich in nutrition and is a better food for infants, but there are many disadvantages compared with human milk.
1. The protein content of cow’s milk is too high, which increases the kidney load.
2. The ratio of whey protein to cool protein is not appropriate, which can easily produce temporary hypertyrosinemia and hyperphenylmalonic acidemia, which have an impact on development.
3.Bovine milk is high in saturated fatty acids, which are not easily digested and absorbed, and has a long gastric emptying time.
4.Lactose in sugar is low, plus the low ratio of calcium to phosphorus, which affects the absorption of calcium.
5, high minerals in cow’s milk, increasing the osmotic pressure of urine.
Premature infants fed with cow’s milk are prone to late onset metabolic acidosis. Now there are few newborns fed with pure milk, replaced by formula milk.