As we all know, cancer is a great threat to human health and life. Among the 5.2 billion people in the world, about 7 million people are newly diagnosed with cancer every year and more than 5 million people die from cancer every year, and in China at present, about 1.5 million people are newly diagnosed with cancer every year on average and about 800,000 people die from cancer every year. The mortality rate of cancer, which was the tenth cause of total deaths from diseases in 1949, has now risen to the first place due to pollution from chemicals and other sources. Among them, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, prostate cancer, malignant lymphoma, etc., have been on the rise in recent years, while cervical cancer, testicular cancer, leukemia, etc. have been on the decline due to the popularity of cancer prevention measures. Once cancer is diagnosed, it should be treated in time. How to choose the correct treatment is a topic of concern, around which we can talk about the treatment procedures for cancer and related points of attention for your reference. The general principle of cancer treatment is to control and eliminate cancer foci, maintain and restore body functions, and achieve the purpose of recovery, which coincides with the meaning of “helping the righteous and evil” in Chinese medicine. Treatment procedures ① Early-stage cancer, with small lesions and good health, should be treated promptly and effectively, including surgery, radical radiation therapy and chemical treatment, etc. If delayed and delayed, the consequences will be endless. If the patient is blindly given large doses of chemotherapy or undergoes large surgical exploration, it may cause more serious damage to the patient, thus promoting the rapid development, spread and metastasis of the tumor, and the consequences are very serious. ③ Combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine, with complementary advantages of Chinese and Western medicine, can be beneficial to the treatment of cancer patients. Through various kinds of Chinese and Western medicine to support the root and support therapy, the patient’s anti-cancer ability is enhanced and the general condition of the patient is improved, then according to the actual recovery of the patient’s organism, appropriate anti-cancer treatment to dispel evil is given. If the above principles are violated, it often brings adverse consequences to patients and even leaves eternal legacy. 2. Points to note in cancer treatment procedures (1) Emotional stability. In clinical practice, people who are in a trance when they hear about chemotherapy often have more serious drug side effects than other patients who can deal with it openly. (2) Appropriate diet. Many chemotherapy drugs can cause gastrointestinal reactions, such as loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting or diarrhea. Therefore, during chemotherapy patients should eat in moderation, taste should be light, do not increase the burden on the digestive tract. Enhanced nutrition can be done after the chemotherapy reaction process. After the use of certain chemotherapy drugs, the oral mucosa will become thin and prone to ulceration, so pay attention to oral hygiene and food should be fine and soft with less residue to avoid damaging the mucosa and causing oral ulcers. When using antitumor drugs mainly excreted by kidney such as cis-chloroplatinum, it is beneficial to drink more boiled water to promote urination to reduce nephrotoxicity. (3) Cooperate with injection. Many chemotherapy drugs need intravenous injection or drip administration. Some of these drugs cannot spill out of the blood vessels, otherwise they will stimulate normal tissues causing local inflammation or even ulceration, increasing unnecessary pain, therefore, when the nurse makes the injection or when dripping drugs, the patient should try to make the injection site move as little as possible to avoid the needle slipping out of the blood vessels. (4) Reduce exposure to the sun. Some chemotherapy drugs, such as fluorouracil, can make the patient’s skin sensitive to sunlight for a certain period of time after the drug is administered, making the skin discoloration significantly deeper, so it is not advisable to get more sunlight when using such drugs. (5) Avoid conception. Generally speaking, although tumor patients are not unable to have sexual life, they should refrain from it. However, during chemotherapy, pregnancy should be avoided because a considerable part of antitumor drugs have mutagenic and teratogenic effects, which are especially prominent in the first trimester of pregnancy and should not be ignored. (6) Prevent infection. Chemotherapy can cause a decrease in white blood cells, especially granulocytes, and can also suppress immune function to varying degrees, often unknowingly making patients susceptible to a variety of infections, so we need to be alert to this. (7) Rational use of medicine. At present, in many tumor patients, there are too many kinds of Chinese and Western medicines, such as chemotherapeutic drugs, antipyretic drugs, sleeping drugs, nutritional tonic drugs, antibiotics and so on. The use of cis-chloroplatin with aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin, kanamycin or butamycin can increase the nephrotoxicity of cis-chloroplatin and even cause renal failure is a prominent example, therefore, we advocate that the use of drugs for tumor patients should not be more, but more precise and reasonable, especially during chemotherapy. Therefore, we advocate that the use of drugs for tumor patients should be precise and reasonable, especially during chemotherapy. As oncologists, how to apply this principle should be considered and analyzed according to the characteristics of different cancers, clinical manifestations, early and late stages of the disease, overall conditions of patients and treatment conditions, etc., so as to formulate reasonable treatment plans. Generally speaking, early stage patients usually focus on eliminating evil and fighting against cancer, which means applying all possible anti-cancer treatments to completely destroy the cancerous lesions without damaging the patient’s overall functions as much as possible (eliminating evil without harming positive). For patients in the middle stage, both positive and negative treatments should be applied. For patients in the late stage, because the positive energy is greatly weakened, the functions of various organs and tissues are dysfunctional, the immune function and anti-cancer ability are very weak, and they cannot withstand strong anti-cancer treatment measures (radical surgery, radical radiotherapy, etc.), positive treatments should be given priority (to enhance the overall anti-disease ability of the patient and protect the overall function of the body), to enhance the anti-cancer ability of the patient through various positive and supportive treatments in Chinese and Western medicine We should improve the general condition of the patient, and then give appropriate anti-cancer treatment according to the actual recovery of the patient’s body. If the above principles are violated, it often brings adverse consequences to the patient and even leaves a permanent legacy of hatred. As an unfortunate cancer patient, once you understand these knowledge, you should obey the doctor’s treatment plan decisively and never delay your condition because you are afraid of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other treatment means. 3.For which tumor patients is chemotherapy applicable? At present, chemotherapy for tumor is developing from palliative treatment to radical treatment. According to the statistics of our oncologists, some patients of more than ten kinds of malignant tumors in China have been cured by chemotherapy, including choriocapillary epithelial carcinoma, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adult acute granulocytic leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Ewing’s tumor, nephroblastoma, rhabdomyoblastoma, retinoblastoma, testicular seminomatous cell tumor, and testicular embryonal tumors. In addition, some tumors have improved survival rates with chemotherapy, such as adult acute promyelocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, low-grade malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, ovarian, cervical, endometrial and prostate cancers, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, multiple myeloma, small cell lung cancer, gastrointestinal tract cancer, head and neck cancer, and melanoma. Experts have increasingly studied the proliferation kinetics of tumor cells, clinical drug delivery has become more rational, and combination chemotherapy has achieved significantly better results than single drug use. The development of clinical pharmacology has led to further understanding of the principle of action and metabolic pathways of antitumor drugs, which provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of chemotherapy for tumors. With the birth of new antitumor drugs and the clinical application of new chemotherapy protocols, more patients with malignant tumors will be given new life. 4.What are the common adverse effects of chemotherapy? So far, most of the anti-cancer drugs lack the effect of selectively killing cancer cells, and often have certain effects and damage to normal tissue cells while killing cancer cells. Such as anaphylaxis, cardiac arrhythmia, pain at the injection site. (2) Early reactions. Nausea and vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and other allergic reactions, flu-like syndrome and cystitis. (3) Mid-term reactions. Myelosuppression (mostly within 1-3 weeks; nitrosoureas may be delayed to 4-6 weeks), suppression of immune function with leukocyte and other blood cell reduction, skin and mucosal reactions, stomatitis, diarrhea, rash, alopecia, peripheral neuritis, loss of nerve reflexes, paralytic intestinal obstruction, and nephrotoxicity. (4) Delayed reactions. Often appear within months, such as skin pigmentation, damage to vital organs or systems of the body, such as myocardial damage caused by adriamycin, pulmonary fibrosis caused by pindamycin, hepatotoxicity caused by methotrexate, nephrotoxicity caused by cis-chloroplatin, endocrine changes, such as the appearance of male feminization and female masculinization, as well as reproductive dysfunction and carcinogenic effects, and teratogenic effects. As a cancer patient, it is necessary to understand the performance of chemotherapy drugs and the adverse reactions that occur when using them. Before chemotherapy, it is necessary to actively prepare oneself mentally, maintain a good mental state and nutritional status, carefully comply with medical prescriptions, timely, accurate and safe use of drugs, closely observe the changes of the disease, and maintain regular contact with doctors to prevent and reduce adverse reactions, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of chemotherapy and achieve the purpose of early recovery. 5.What are the common complications of chemotherapy? The most common complications after chemotherapy are infection, bleeding, perforation, uric acid crystallization, etc. (1) Infection. During chemotherapy, patients experience bone marrow suppression and immune decline, which is one of the important factors causing infections. The most common of these is granulocytopenia, where the anatomical barrier of the body is compromised to some extent. The mode of infection varies with the site of infection, e.g. patients with low granulocytes can often develop bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as viral infections, commonly pneumonia, peritonitis and sepsis. Since various chemotherapeutic drugs can interfere with the body’s immune system to varying degrees, together with visceral obstruction, mucosal ulceration, and hypogammaglobulinemia, the occurrence of infectious complications can be promoted. When encountering chemotherapy patients with leukopenia and fever should be considered as signs of infection. Infection prevention measures should be applied to the skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and perineum to reduce the chance of infection. Promptly input fresh blood to replenish blood into, and for patients with very low granulocytes, transfusion of leukocytes and platelets is preferable. The Chinese medicine Fuzheng method has the effect of improving cellular immunity and protecting adrenal cortical function, which has a better therapeutic effect on chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia. (2) Bleeding. Bleeding caused by cancer invasion of blood vessels is often one of the main causes of cancer death. Due to the effect of anti-cancer drugs on platelets and their clotting factors, patients may have the tendency to bleed, such as skin and mucous membrane bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding and urinary tract bleeding. At this time, the platelet count is often lower than the normal value, and some patients may have a count of less than 50,000/mm3. Once cancer patients show signs of bleeding, all drugs that can induce bleeding should be stopped in time and corresponding measures should be taken to stop bleeding, such as importing whole blood, platelets and plasma. Once acute infection and bleeding appear during chemotherapy, they are mostly acute symptoms, so health care workers should closely observe the condition and give diagnosis and treatment in every second. Patients and their families should be clear. Chemotherapy is not a simple injection, but must be carried out in specialized medical institutions, and complex combined chemotherapy should not be carried out in small clinics or at home, otherwise, it will not only fail to achieve therapeutic effect, but also may be dangerous.