As one of the normal excretions of human metabolism, urine not only plays an important physiological role in maintaining the internal environment of the body, but also is an important tool for clinical treatment of certain diseases, such as “to facilitate urination, which is the actual stool” for the treatment of diarrhea in which there is a lack of differentiation between clear and turbid; modern research has produced urokinase from urine, which is used to treat various thrombotic diseases. From women’s urine, the production of various female hormones, used to treat certain gynecological diseases. Although urine is directly related to the kidneys and bladder, it is also closely related to other internal organs. Changes in urine, directly or indirectly reflect the normal function of the internal organs or not, is an important window for clinical diagnosis of disease. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis of disease, it is necessary to observe the changes in urine, to help judge, analyze the condition and guide treatment. However, people often think that the urine is filthy, plainly do not pay attention to observation, coupled with many changes in the urine can not be observed with the naked eye, such as urine with protein, red blood cells, tubular, bacteria, etc., resulting in many conditions delayed diagnosis and treatment. Urine abnormalities are divided into macroscopic and microscopic two aspects: macroscopic abnormalities are mainly manifested as urine volume, color, quality, taste and urinary sensory changes, should be easy to find, but there are also negligence and misdiagnosis and mistreatment; microscopic abnormalities such as proteinuria, diabetes, hematuria, tubular urine, amino acid urine, bacteriuria, etc., need to be found with the help of modern instruments, at this time, easy to be ignored and misdiagnosed. 1, macroscopic observation 1.1 urine volume: should be alert to the two signals of oliguria and nocturia, the former is a sign of acute renal failure, to promptly identify the cause is pre-renal (insufficient effective blood volume), renal substantial or post-renal (urinary tract obstruction), and then treat the cause, actively improve renal function, with Chinese medicine detoxification enema solution enema, medicine: rhubarb 30g, rehmannia 15g, dandelion 30g, oyster 30g, Dan Shen 30g, Tu Fu Ling 30g, Chuan Xiong 20g thick decoction of 200ml, reserved for enema, 1 to 2 times daily. Hemodialysis if necessary. The latter is a precursor symptom of chronic renal failure, reflecting renal tubular and collecting duct concentration dysfunction, mostly due to the failure of kidney yang, and should be promptly tested for renal function. In the early stage, the main purpose is to warm the spleen and kidneys, and the formula is Guihuo Dihuang Wan or Ginseng Qi Dihuang Tang, with the following ingredients: Gui Zhi, Shu Shuo Fen Zi, Sheng Dihuang, Shan Yao, Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Mudan Pi, Fu Ling, Prince Ginseng, Astragalus, Coix Seed, Ba Ji Tian, Dan Shen, Ze Lan, etc. In the late stage, the main purpose is to dispel the evil, and for obvious blood stasis, the formula is Rhubarb V Worm Pill, with the following ingredients: Rhubarb, V Worm, Tao Ren, Caddisfly, Leech, Sheng Dihuang, White Peony, Licorice, Scorpion, etc, For obvious dampness and turbidity, the formula is Huanglian Wenzhi Tang plus or minus, using: Huanglian, Semen, Fu Ling, Chen Pi, Zhu Ru, Citrus aurantium, Tu Fu Ling, Gan Cao, Da Huang, etc. 1.2 Urine color: First of all, we should exclude the abnormal urine color caused by diet and drugs, mostly transient: such as eating carrots, carrots, then yellow urine, taking riboflavin, furantoin, then dark yellow urine, taking rhubarb, senna in acidic urine is yellow-brown, in alkaline urine is red, taking rifampin, Sandozian, aminopyrine, then red urine. Pathological red urine should be distinguished from hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria, as both are prone to acute renal failure and must be diagnosed early and clearly. Fresh hemoglobinuria is pink, red or red wine colored, and urine left for a long time is brownish black in acidic urine and bright red in alkaline urine, which can be seen in malaria, hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal sleep hemoglobinuria and misuse of fava beans. Myoglobinuria is pink and soon turns brown or brown-black, mostly seen in muscle trauma, inflammation and hypoxia and certain poisoning. If the evidence belongs to actual heat, the formula is selected from Xiao E Drink plus or minus, with: Xiao E 30g, Sheng Di Huang 30g, Slippery Rock 30g, Bamboo Leaf 12g, d Zi 10g, Licorice 6g, Shi Wei 20g, Sheng Di Yu 15g, Han Ban 15g, San Qi 6g, etc.; for deficiency heat, the formula is selected from Zhi Bai Di Huang Tang plus or minus, with: Zhi Mu 10g, Huang Bai 6g, Sheng Di Huang 30g, Shan Yao 15g, Cornus 12g, Mudanpi 10g, Fu Ling 15g, Dry Lotus Grass 15g, Radix et Rhizoma Polygonati 15g, etc. With the evidence of the choice to add thatch root 50g, Xi Cao 12g, comfrey 15g, red peony 15g, etc. to enhance the function of cooling the blood to stop bleeding. 1.3 If the urine is cloudy for a long time or when it is cold, it is mostly due to the precipitation of salt crystals, which is not pathological, so it is appropriate to drink more water. If the fresh urine is cloudy, mostly due to urinary tract infection of white blood cells and other bacteria, can also be seen in the lymphatic reflux disorder of celiac disease, the selection of formula Bazheng San plus or minus, medicine with: Qomai 12g, Bian Cao 15g, Che Qian Zi 30g or Che Qian Cao 30g, talcum 30g, licorice 10g, Gong Ying 30g, Gardenia 10g, Shi Wei 20g, Dioscorea Z 20g, Calamus 20g, etc.. If there are tiny bubbles in the urine that cannot dissipate for a long time, it is mostly proteinuria (downward leakage of fine microscopic substances), due to increased surface tension of urine, at this time many patients can have no symptoms, and it is very easy to be misdiagnosed and then develop into renal failure. For those with early pharyngeal symptoms, the formula is Qinghe Liyuan Tang with addition and subtraction, using: 30g of honeysuckle, 20g of forsythia, 12g of burdock, 15g of panax quinquefolium, 12g of mab, 30g of raw groundnut, 20g of stone reed, 10g of licorice, 20g of cicada molasses, 15g of scutellaria, 30g of astragalus, 50g of maogan, etc. For those with prolonged disease, the formula is Shanxi Yi Kidney Tang with addition and subtraction, using: 30g of raw groundnut, 15g of yam, 15g of shamrock, 15g of peach nut, etc, Cornus officinalis 15g, Momordica charantia 10g, Safflower 10g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 12g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 15g, Salviae Miltiorrhizae 30g, Radix Astragali 30g, Dilong 12g, Scorpion 6g, Leech 12g, etc. With torch flower roots and Leigongjiang polysaccharide tablets to enhance the anti-immune function. 1.4 Abnormal urination sensation: “urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary pain”, that is, bladder irritation signs, is the “alarm” signal of many diseases, such as inflammation of the urinary tract, tuberculosis, tumors and tumors of adjacent organs (rectum, uterus), inflammation, etc., can occur, should be a comprehensive A comprehensive examination should be conducted to clarify the diagnosis. For patients with frequent and urgent urination due to mental tension and emotional excitement, psychosomatic therapy is used instead of antibiotics. For patients with recurrent episodes and unsatisfactory results of antibacterial treatment, 24h urine sediment and PCR for urinary tuberculosis bacilli or urinary tuberculosis culture should be performed to clarify whether it is renal tuberculosis. Some of these solutes can show macroscopic changes (e.g. the above-mentioned salt crystals make urine muddy, increased red blood cells make urine red), most of them cannot be detected by the naked eye and need to be detected by modern instruments, which can promptly detect asymptomatic glomerulonephritis and urological tumors and other diseases. For example, urine specific gravity and osmolarity can reflect the concentration and dilution function of the kidney, and determine the degree of damage to kidney function at an early stage; urine sediment microscopy (a non-invasive, non-hazardous, inexpensive and reliable “kidney biopsy”), including urine cell morphology, tubular type, crystallization, bacterial qualitative and quantitative examination, can help examine and diagnose renal parenchymal disease, and provide a basis for It can help to examine and diagnose renal parenchymal disease and provide a basis for the activity and severity of the disease. Urine biochemical tests for protein, amino acids, sugar, fibrin degradation products and protein composition analysis can help analyze glomerular diseases or tubular and interstitial renal diseases, etc. These tests should be applied according to the different conditions of patients, so that we can pay attention to the “alarm” information early and give correct and reasonable treatment in time to ensure health.