The artificial lens is indispensable for cataract surgery treatment. In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of patients’ requirements for visual quality, cataract surgery has been transformed from a simple restorative surgery to a high degree of refractive surgery, and various new functional artificial lenses have been continuously applied in the clinic, and the artificial lens mainly includes the following types: 1. blue light filtering artificial lens These artificial lenses are added with ultraviolet absorbers Blocking ultraviolet light, but the ordinary artificial lens can not block blue light. Studies have shown that blue light is associated with the occurrence of macular degeneration in the fundus, and the yellow IOL is designed to selectively block some of the blue light to reduce the photodamage to the macula.
Aspheric IOLs Spherical aberration is the main cause of functional vision in post-cataract surgery patients after implantation of spherical IOLs. Spherical aberration is a phenomenon that occurs when light rays refracted by a lens or reflected by a surface mirror, near the center and near the edge, do not gather the image at a single point. Various aspheric IOLs are designed to eliminate spherical aberration in the human eye in order to improve optical quality and obtain good retinal images.
3. Astigmatism-correcting IOL For patients with preoperative corneal astigmatism, especially those with large astigmatism, even after cataract surgery, there may still be blurred and distorted vision after surgery. This type of IOL can effectively correct corneal astigmatism and obtain good visual quality by adding a column lens for astigmatism correction on the basis of ordinary IOLs.
4, adjustable IOL When the human eye looks at near objects within 5 meters, it needs to enhance the refractive power of the eye in order to make near objects imaged on the retina. This ability to adjust the focal distance is called eye accommodation. Adjustable IOLs provide a degree of accommodation by changing the refractive state through the anterior and posterior movement of the IOL within the capsular bag. Adjustable IOLs with a dual optical surface design produce greater accommodation when moved the same distance. Through the stretching and contraction of the suspensory ligament and lens capsule, the anterior optical surface is displaced anteriorly and posteriorly, changing the distance between the two optical parts to achieve the proposed adjustment effect.
5.Multifocal IOLs Multifocal IOLs are divided into refractive and diffractive types, both by dispersing the light entering the eye to achieve the purpose of distance and near vision. This type of IOL is different from the ordinary monofocal IOLs. When cataract patients are implanted with ordinary monofocal IOLs, they still need to wear presbyopic glasses to see near objects after surgery because there is no adjustment effect, while after implanting multifocal IOLs, patients can see far and near with the same clarity.
There are various types of IOLs, so how should we choose the type of IOL when treating cataracts? The choice of an IOL is based on the patient’s requirements for post-operative visual quality and the doctor’s diagnosis. If you do not see too much near after surgery, you can choose a monofocal lens to see clearly at a distance as the main purpose, and wear presbyopic glasses when seeing near. If you choose a blue filtered IOL, you can obtain a protective effect on the retina, especially for patients with retinal (or) and macular lesions. The choice of aspheric IOLs provides a clearer visual result and night vision. Implantation of multifocal IOLs lens, adjustable IOLs is to not wear glasses, for patients who read newspapers or computers and other visual close distance, if the economic conditions allow, can choose these two types of IOLs. And patients with corneal astigmatism greater than 1.5D, choose astigmatic IOL, can be exempted from postoperative corneal astigmatism affect the quality of vision.