Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the esophagus can be treated without surgery first, basically pay attention to the control of diet, appropriate medication for control, and review at intervals to observe the cell changes. Esophageal low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is the earliest cellular lesion, most of them are closely related to reflux esophagitis stimulation, and the clinical requirement is to control it with medication, which can be used to control gastric acid by using proton pump inhibitors (rabeprazole, etc.), and pay attention to the light diet, don’t eat too stimulating and oily food, and consider not to have surgical treatment for the time being. If the cytopathy progresses, esophageal mucosal resection can be considered. The specific situation needs to be regulated under the guidance of clinicians.