Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can involve not only the spine but also the peripheral joints, and when the temporomandibular joints are involved, it can cause oral pain. Most cases of ankylosing spondylitis are slow and insidious, with predominant involvement of the central axis joints. The most typical and common manifestation is inflammatory low back pain, which may lead to temporomandibular joint arthritis, which in turn may cause orofacial bite pain. Ankylosing spondylitis may be accompanied by extra-articular manifestations, such as iritis and uveitis, etc. In severe cases, spinal ankylosis and deformity may occur. Ankylosing spondylitis requires timely consultation at the rheumatology and immunology department of the hospital and active treatment to relieve symptoms and signs, prevent and correct deformities, and maximize the recovery of the patient’s physical and psychological functions.