Most of the rectal cancer surgeries are associated with abnormalities such as fecal incontinence of varying degrees, and most of them can be recovered to varying degrees through rehabilitation and other treatments, and some of them can last for a lifetime. More than 90% of the anterior rectal resection followed by low or ultra-low anastomosis surgery may be complicated by the appearance of different degrees of bowel function changes, such as frequent bowel movements, increased frequency of bowel movements, difficulty in evacuation, and fecal incontinence. Most bowel function after rectal cancer surgery will improve to some extent within 1 to 2 years after surgery, but some severe bowel function changes may last for life. Commonly used clinical interventions include therapeutic measures such as the use of 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists such as mosapride, sacral nerve stimulation and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation therapy, and pelvic floor rehabilitation such as pelvic floor muscle training. When post-surgical fecal incontinence occurs, timely rehabilitation or medication is recommended, but these medications and therapeutic measures need to be carried out under the guidance of a specialized clinician, and unauthorized use is prohibited to avoid adverse effects.