A. A persistent attention deficit and/or hyperactive-impulsive state that affects functioning or development with the following (1) and/or (2) characteristics: must be ≥ 6 of the following symptoms, last > 6 months, be disproportionate to developmental level and have a direct adverse effect on social and academic/vocational activities. Zhao Dongmei, Children’s Health Care Institute, Jinan Children’s Hospital These symptoms go beyond oppositional behavior, defiance, hostility, or failure to understand tasks and instructions. For youth and adults (≥ 17 years old) there should be at least 5 symptoms. 1. Attention deficit symptoms a. Frequent inability to pay attention to details or frequent careless mistakes at school, at work, or in other activities (e.g., ignoring or missing details, working inaccurately). b. Frequently maintains difficulty paying attention during the completion of tasks or activities (e.g., in presentations, conversations, or long readings). c. Often seems not to listen when talking directly with others (e.g., frequently wanders off even when the environment is not obviously distracting). d. Often fails to follow instructions and to complete homework, chores, or work (e.g., quickly becomes distracted and easily shifts goals when first starting work). e. Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities (e.g., has difficulty maintaining task order; misplaces objects and materials; disorganizes work; disorganizes time management; does not complete tasks on time. f. Frequently avoids disliking or reluctantly engages in activities that require maintenance of mental energy (e.g., school activities or household chores; for youth or adults: preparing reports, completing forms, reading long texts). g. Frequent loss of items necessary to complete tasks or activities (e.g., study materials, pencils, books; tools, purses, keys, written assignments, glasses, cell phones). h. Irrelevant stimuli often tend to cause distractions (for youth and adults this can include irrelevant thoughts). i. Frequently forgets daily activities (e.g., chores, running errands; for youth and adults this includes returning phone calls, paying bills, going to appointments). 2. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms a. Frequently squirms and sits restlessly. b. Often has difficulty controlling sitting in situations that require it (e.g., often goes AWOL in classrooms, offices, or other work settings or environments that require assertiveness). c. Frequently runs and climbs in inappropriate places (note, youth or adults may be limited to restlessness). d. Often unable to play quietly or engage in leisure activities. e. Often “moving” constantly, as if “driven by an engine” (e.g., in restaurants, meeting places, fidgeting for a little longer, unable to keep pace with everyone). f. Often talks too much. g. Often rush to answer others’ questions before they are finished (e.g., picking up the conversation, interrupting). h. Often fails to wait (e.g., in line). i. Often interrupts or interferes with others (e.g., interferes rudely in conversations, games, or other activities; uses others’ belongings without permission; for youth and adults includes interfering or intervening in what others are doing) B. Symptoms appear before age 12. C. Symptoms appear in more than two settings. D. Symptoms significantly interfere with social, academic, and occupational functioning. E. Symptoms are not caused by schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders; nor can they be explained by other psychiatric disorders (mood disorders, anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, personality disorders, substance dependence, or withdrawal). ADHD typology: 1. Inattention-predominant type: those who meet the criteria for inattention but not impulsivity/hyperactivity. 2. Hyperactive-impulsive dominant type: those who meet the criteria for impulsivity/hyperactivity, but not for inattention. 3.Mixed type: satisfying both inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity criteria