Convulsions are one of the most common pediatric emergencies, also known as convulsions, and are characterized by sudden onset of general or localized muscle twitching, often accompanied by upward rolling of the eyeballs, staring, squinting, or frequent blinking of the eyes, pale or purplish lips and face, clenched teeth, and foaming at the mouth. Sometimes the attacks are recurrent or even persistent. It is more common in infants and young children. Frequent seizures or persistent state of convulsions can endanger the life of the child or leave serious sequelae, affecting the intellectual development and health of the child. The etiology of convulsions is complex, divided into infectious and non-infectious, and can be further divided into intracranial and extracranial lesions according to the site of lesion involvement, intracranial diseases including encephalitis, craniocerebral injury, cerebral hypoxia, cerebral hemorrhage, intracranial occupational disease, epilepsy, toxic encephalopathy, extracranial diseases including upper respiratory tract infections, acute gastroenteritis, electrolyte disorders, hypoglycemia, toxicity, genetic metabolic diseases and so on. Febrile convulsions are the most common type of convulsions in extracranial infections, which occur when fever is above 38°C due to infections outside the pediatric central nervous system, accounting for the vast majority of pediatric convulsions, and most often occur in the early stages of upper respiratory tract infections or certain infectious diseases. Repeated convulsions can have a serious impact on children’s health, so it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner under the guidance of a professional doctor to actively find the cause and prevent it, which is an effective measure to protect children’s health.