Rectal mucosal high-grade epithelioma should be rectal mucosal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and surgical treatment is recommended when it is associated with carcinoma and with intramucosal cancer. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is a severe heterogeneous hyperplasia, which is a precancerous lesion with a relatively high rate of cancer. When patients with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia of rectal mucosa with cancer are detected, they should undergo surgery as soon as possible after completing all the examinations to prevent the disease from continuing to develop, which may cause serious consequences to the body. Surgery can choose between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery, and nowadays, minimally invasive surgery is mostly chosen, endoscopic lesion resection is performed, and the corresponding diseased intestinal segment is resected. When the described situation occurs, you should go to a regular hospital, so that the doctor can formulate a treatment plan and treat the disease in time.