Patients with biliary disease (cholecystitis, gallstones, cholesterol polyps) often have symptoms of “chest tightness and heart pain” and mistake them for heart disease, which is actually a complication of biliary disease – biliary heart syndrome. This is a complication of biliary disease – biliary heart syndrome. This is mainly due to the lack of blood supply to the heart caused by the nerve reflex stimulated by biliary pain, resulting in angina pectoris, arrhythmia and abnormal changes in the electrocardiogram. Biliary heart syndrome generally refers to the combination of cardiac symptoms in the absence of organic heart disease in people with biliary disease, and the above condition will disappear when the biliary disease is alleviated or cured. Acute cholecystitis can also be caused by sudden obstruction of stones in the gallbladder or embedded bile ducts. Acute cholecystitis can also be caused by torsion of the bile ducts, stenosis and obstruction by biliary roundworms or bile duct tumors. In addition, during the aging process, the gallbladder wall gradually becomes hypertrophic or atrophic, and the contraction function decreases, resulting in bile stagnation, concentration and formation of bile salts; the end of the common bile duct and the sphincter of Oddi become relaxed, and retrograde infection easily occurs; systemic atherosclerosis and increased blood viscosity can aggravate gallbladder artery ischemia. After obstruction of the cystic duct or gallbladder neck, the stagnant bile in the gallbladder concentrates and forms bile acid salts, which stimulates the gallbladder mucosa and causes chemical cholecystitis (early stage); at the same time, bile retention increases the pressure in the gallbladder, and the swollen gallbladder firstly affects the venous and lymphatic reflux of the gallbladder wall, and the gallbladder becomes congested and edematous, and when the internal pressure of the gallbladder is >5.39kPa (55cmH2O), the arterial blood flow in the gallbladder wall is blocked The ischemic gallbladder is prone to secondary bacterial infection, aggravating the process of cholecystitis and eventually complicating gallbladder gangrene or perforation. In case of obstruction of the cystic duct without blood circulation disorders and bacterial infection of the gallbladder wall, gallbladder effusion develops. Recent studies have shown that phospholipase A can be released from the damaged gallbladder mucosal epithelium due to bile stasis or stone impaction, causing hydrolysis of lecithin in the bile into hemolytic lecithin, which in turn causes changes in the integrity of the mucosal epithelium causing acute cholecystitis.