Esophageal squamous carcinoma is the most common type of cancer that occurs in the mucosa of the esophagus. The causes of the disease are complex, and both congenital and acquired causes exist. Whether the effect of radiotherapy for esophageal squamous carcinoma is good or bad depends on the patient’s physical condition, the stage of esophageal squamous carcinoma, the severity of esophageal squamous carcinoma and the treatment plan for esophageal squamous carcinoma. If early stage esophageal squamous carcinoma is detected early, the treatment effect will be good and can improve the survival rate. However, when esophageal squamous carcinoma reaches the middle and late stages, the patient’s physical condition has deteriorated through long-term treatment, and the disease has become complicated and stubborn, and the sequelae of radiotherapy and chemotherapy will become more and more serious, and the body becomes resistant to the drugs, so the effect of radiotherapy will be relatively reduced.