Esophageal squamous carcinoma is a type of esophageal cancer with typical features of squamous carcinoma in terms of cytological type, and can also be detected by doing immunohistochemical marker tests. Squamous esophageal cancer is often related to long-term irritation of the esophagus, including long-term alcohol abuse, drinking water with excessive heavy metal content, long-term esophageal reflux, inflammatory irritation, or eating hard food to stimulate the esophageal mucosa to form mucosal hyperplasia. If the body is not able to remove the abnormal proliferated cells, it may slowly develop towards cancer after a long time, so esophageal squamous carcinoma is also the main type of esophageal cancer patients.