1, the gingival margin position shifted to the root side, the root exposure periodontal pocket wall was removed or the gingival flap was reset by the root side during the surgery, and the inflammatory edema of the gingival tissue subsided after the surgery, which made the clinical gingival margin position receded to the root side, the root exposure, thus making the periodontal pocket shallow or disappeared. This ending facilitates the patient’s self-control of plaque and maintains the health of the gums, but affects the aesthetics in the anterior teeth. 2, the inflammation subsides, the probing depth is reduced inflammatory infiltration in the connective tissue subsides, the collagen fibers are new, so that the tissue is dense, the probe can no longer penetrate the combined epithelium and enter the connective tissue, in addition, the tissue is dense also makes the wall of the pocket tighter, the probe is not easy to probe into when probing, both make the clinical probing depth reduced. Although the above two conditions make the pocket shallow or disappear, the newly formed gingival sulcus is still located at the level before treatment, and periodontal attachment does not increase. 3, long bonded epithelium healing pocket depth shallow or disappear, in the pocket wall and the original exposed periodontal pocket of the root surface between the question of a long and thin layer of bonded epithelium, called long bonded epithelium (10ngjunctionalepithelium, there is research to prove that the connection between its and the root surface is connected in the way of half bridge granules and basal plate. This type of healing is called long-binding epithelial healing. With good plaque control, the gingiva in this area can remain healthy for a long time, except that the root surface is covered by epithelium, which prevents new attachments from forming. Clinically, the gingiva is not inflamed and the gingival sulcus is shallow, attachment is obtained on clinical probing, and there can be some degree of alveolar bone rejuvenation (bonefi11), but histological observations demonstrate that the connective tissue beneath the long united epithelium contains only collagen fibers running parallel to the root surface, but no functionally aligned periodontal fibers, not a true increase in the level of attachment (attach-mentgain). This type of healing is the most common type of healing after flap surgery. New attachment and long bonded epithelial healing (1) preoperatively, subosseous pocket (2) postoperatively at that time, arrows show the origin of the cells of the healing process (epithelium, connective tissue, bone, periodontium) (3) long bonded epithelial healing, arrows show bonded epithelium at preoperative level, no new periodontium although some new bone formation (4) some new attachment formation, arrows show bonded epithelial attachment position more coronal than preoperatively. 4, new attachment (newattachment) new attachment refers to the formation of new bone on the root surface of the lesion originally exposed in the periodontal pocket, in which there is new periodontal membrane fibers buried, the other end of these fiber bundles buried in the newly formed alveolar bone, forming a new functional periodontal support tissue, the newly formed bonded epithelium is located in the coronal side of the bottom of the periodontal pocket before treatment. This is the ideal way to heal. It differs from reattachment, which is the process of reattachment of the original collagen fibers to the bone and alveolar bone after the normal periodontal attachment structure has been acutely disrupted by surgery or trauma, etc. on a normal root that was not originally exposed in the periodontal pocket. In flap surgery, it is often necessary to extend the cut 1:I to the normal adjacent teeth in order to expand the field of view and operation. When the healing process after the gingival flap is reset, reattachment can occur at these originally normal adjacent teeth, but there will also be a small amount of resorption at the top of the alveolar ridge. During the healing process after flap revision, the gingival flap is first connected to the root surface by a blood clot, after which cells of four sources, gingival epithelium, gingival connective tissue, periodontium, and alveolar bone, successively grow and adhere to the root surface, and the final healing pattern depends on the growth rate and conditions of the four aforementioned cells. In general, the epithelium grows fastest and occupies the root surface first, forming a long combined epithelial healing and preventing other tissues from adhering to the root surface, so this is the most common mode of healing. Gingival connective tissue cells grow second fastest to epithelial cells, forming collagen fibers parallel to the root surface if these cells are in a position to contact the root surface first, and are prone to root resorption. Bone marrow cells have the slowest growth rate and are more likely to undergo ankylosis or root resorption if they are in a position to contact the root surface. Both of these healing modalities are almost never seen. Periodontal cells grow slower than epithelium and connective tissue, and only those near the base of the pocket can preferentially occupy the root surface, but the chances are rare. If periodontal cells can preferentially grow toward the crown and occupy the root surface, the precursor cells (progenitorce11s) in them can differentiate into odontoblasts, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts, which can deposit new odontoblasts on the root surface and form new The periodontal fibers are buried in them, and the other end of the collagen fibers are buried in the newly formed alveolar bone to form a newly attached healing, which is the most ideal way to heal. However, clinically, new attachments are rarely obtained after conventional flap surgery.