Emphysema is not pneumothorax. Emphysema and pneumothorax are two completely different diseases. Emphysema is a structural change in the lungs, the lungs become larger and the function decreases, the main clinical manifestation is the gradual appearance of shortness of breath after activity. Pneumothorax refers to the sudden rupture of the pulmonary blisters, the disappearance of negative pressure in the thoracic cavity, lung atrophy and clinical manifestations, the main clinical symptoms are sudden chest pain, dyspnea. For emphysema, comprehensive treatment such as expectoration, asthma, smoking cessation and avoidance of infection can be given. And pneumothorax should be treated according to the amount of pneumothorax. When the amount of pneumothorax is small, you can consider internal conservative treatment, such as oxygen, preventing infection, and promoting sputum discharge; if the amount of pneumothorax is large, you need to use closed chest drainage for treatment.