A recent meta-analysis published in Am J Gastroenterol examined the relationship between antibiotic use and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study identified 11 relevant studies to date through an extensive literature search that included 7,208 patients. The relative risk (OR) for antibiotic exposure leading to IBD was found to be 1.57 (95% CI 1.27C1.94). Antibiotic use was significantly associated with the onset of CD (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.35C2.23), but not with UC (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.91C1.27). Children with CD correlated more significantly with antibiotics (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.72C4.38). All antibiotics, except penicillin, were associated with the development of IBD. Exposure to metronidazole and fluoroquinolones had ORs of 5.01 (95% CI 1.65C15.25) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.03C3.12), respectively, and were most significantly associated with new-onset IBD.