Menstrual headaches have a variety of causes and are associated with estrogen receptor expression, fluctuating hormone levels, and genetic factors. Menstrual headache is known as menstrual-migraine (MM), the prevalence of which is estimated to be 5-7%. At present, the exact cause of the disease needs further research, the following briefly explains the mainstream viewpoints. 1. Estrogen receptor hypothesis: Estrogen receptors are expressed in the trigeminal vascular system, and fluctuating estrogen levels during menstruation affects the receptor’s action, leading to headaches. 2. Hormone level fluctuation hypothesis: Decrease in estrogen may lead to increased susceptibility to prostaglandins, which may play an important role in headache because their concentration in the body increases significantly during menstruation. High sensitivity to neuroendocrine changes in the body is characteristic of women with migraine. 3. Genetic factors: A variety of genes and the expression of the proteins they encode are significantly associated with menstrual migraine. Current research suggests that there is no specific preventive treatment for MM. If headache symptoms are significant, one should visit a neurologist and not take medication on one’s own to avoid adverse consequences.