Tuberculous pericardial effusion is caused by pericardial involvement due to tracheobronchial and mediastinal tuberculosis, or tuberculosis of the lungs or pleura tuberculosis infection. Tuberculous pericardial effusion can be characterized by fever, chest pain, palpitation (rapid heartbeat, often accompanied by panic), cough, dyspnea, loss of appetite, night sweats (sweating abnormally after going to sleep, but sweating stops after waking up), fatigue, and lethargy. Physical examination may reveal pericardial friction, odd pulses, distant heart sounds, tachycardia, and enlarged heart boundaries. Tuberculous pericardial effusion can be clarified by tuberculin test, blood sedimentation, pericardiocentesis, pericardial tissue biopsy and so on. Treatment of tuberculous pericardial effusion requires active anti-tuberculosis treatment, additional attention to supplemental nutrients, and pericardial fluid puncture if necessary.