Prediabetes is a state between diabetes and normoglycemia, and is considered a necessary stage of diabetes and an early warning sign of diabetes. Specifically, it is a state in which postprandial blood glucose is between 7.8mmol/L and 11.1mmol/L (i.e. low glucose tolerance), or fasting blood glucose is between 6.1mmol/L and 7.0mmol/L (i.e. impaired fasting blood glucose).
Pre-diabetes is usually asymptomatic and not easily detected. Therefore, the following groups of people at high risk of diabetes should pay attention to monitoring blood glucose from time to time to detect the tendency of elevated blood glucose early.
1, immediate family members (e.g. parents, siblings) with diabetes.
2.Age ≥ 45 years old.
3. overweight or obese individuals – body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.
4, low HDL cholesterol and/or hypertriglyceridemia: HDL cholesterol ≤ 0.90 millimolar per liter (mmol/l), i.e. 35 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl); triglycerides ≥ 2.82 millimolar per liter (mmol/l), i.e. 250 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl).
5, hypertension: systolic blood pressure, i.e., high pressure ≥ 140 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and/or diastolic blood pressure, i.e., low pressure ≥ 90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
6, suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathologies, such as common stroke hemiplegia, etc.
7, pregnant women aged ≥ 30 years; those with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus; those who have delivered a huge baby (birth weight ≥ 4 kg); those who have had unexplained stalled labor; women with polycystic ovary syndrome
8, people with sedentary lifestyle.
9, use of some special drugs, such as glucocorticoids, diuretics, etc.
You must eat dinner the day before the examination and not eat in the morning of the examination, and you cannot have fever, cold and other diseases. Check fasting blood glucose first, then take glucose water or starch food orally under the doctor’s instruction, and measure blood glucose two hours later, i.e. two-hour postprandial blood glucose. If one of the fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial blood glucose reaches the range of prediabetes, it should be rechecked, and if the result is the same, the diagnosis of prediabetes can be confirmed. If fasting blood glucose exceeds the maximum normal value of 6.1 mmol/L and is lower than the diagnostic standard of 7 mmol/L for diabetes, it is impaired fasting blood glucose; if two-hour postprandial blood glucose exceeds the maximum normal blood glucose value of 7.8 mmol/L and is lower than the diagnostic standard of 11.1 mmol/L for diabetes, it is impaired glucose tolerance. Both of these conditions are pre-diabetes, suggesting that the patient has insulin resistance or islet cell function defects, and needs early intervention through diet and exercise to bring blood glucose back to normal; otherwise, high blood glucose will further aggravate insulin resistance or islet cell function defects, aggravating abnormal glucose metabolism, which may eventually develop into real diabetes.
Disease prevention and control Pre-diabetes can be prevented and treated. People who are pre-diabetic can prevent their condition from developing into type 2 diabetes by changing their diet and increasing physical activity. People who are pre-diabetic can even get their blood sugar levels back to normal.
If you are diagnosed with prediabetes, you should actively start interventions such as diet and exercise, just as people with diabetes do.
1, change bad eating habits, eat less soda, French fries and other high-calorie drinks and food, reduce the intake of rice, steamed buns and other staple foods, and eat more green vegetables.
2, moderate exercise. Start with light activity and gradually increase the amount of activity according to the tolerance of the individual.
3.Actively treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia, etc.
4.If diet and exercise interventions are not effective, appropriate glucose-lowering drugs must be selected for treatment under the guidance of a doctor.
Research shows that most people with pre-diabetes can avoid diabetes through timely and reasonable interventions such as diet and exercise.
Lifestyle interventions have shown in many cases that patients can stop the progression of pre-diabetes or even reverse it by consuming a healthy diet and adhering to good daily habits.
In a large diabetes prevention study of people with high risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including impaired glucose tolerance, it was found that even modest changes in their lifestyle could make a big difference in preventing diabetes and reversing prediabetes in some people. People who participated in the study lost 5-7% of their body weight with 30 minutes of physical activity per day, while reducing their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58%.
If you have pre-diabetes, losing excess weight through proper diet and exercise can improve your body’s ability to use insulin while using glucose more efficiently. A dietitian can help you tailor an eating plan. In addition, you should check with your primary care physician before proceeding with a health plan.
Diet and Nutrition Diet therapy is the primary treatment for diabetes. Properly controlled diet can reduce the burden on the pancreatic islets, correct metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia that have occurred, as well as reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, reduce the stimulation of pancreatic beta cells, help prevent and treat various acute complications, and improve overall health.
Exercise experts refer to exercise and diet as the “two cornerstones” of diabetes control, and only when the “cornerstones” are solid can drugs have their proper effect. It is clear that exercise therapy is an important, even essential, part of the treatment of diabetes. Exercise can be very beneficial to people with diabetes. For middle-aged and elderly people, exercise can be done in a short to long, step-by-step manner, setting aside a fixed period of time each day for exercise, such as gymnastics and walking. Gymnastics should have a greater range of activity than walking, and can be started with guidance from a child or skilled family member or friend.