In the case of compression fractures of the twelve thoracic vertebrae, it is important to first clarify whether the fracture is a fresh compression fracture or an old compression fracture. If it is an old compression fracture, symptomatic treatment such as conservative treatment and routine antiosteoporosis can be taken. If it is a fresh osteoporotic compression fracture in a senior patient, depending on the patient’s specific situation, if the patient is in good health and can tolerate surgical treatment, a currently popular vertebroplasty procedure, commonly known as bone cement injection, can be performed. This surgical technique is very mature, very safe, less traumatic, quick recovery, and the patient can get out of bed early and achieve pain relief quickly.