What do stroke patients need to pay attention to in terms of diet? As a neurologist specializing in cerebrovascular disease, this is a question that is often faced in clinical practice. It is also one of the issues that many doctors and scientists around the world have been working on for a long time. Because stroke patients often have a combination of metabolic diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, dietary concepts such as low-salt, low-fat, and diabetic diets have long been used by physicians to educate patients about reducing the incidence of cerebrovascular events by controlling risk factors. But whether these are the best dietary choices for stroke prevention is not necessarily the case. An epidemiological study investigated the death rate of cardiovascular events in Europe, as shown in the following graph [1]: The top and bottom graphs show the number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease per 100,000 people in Europe for men and women, respectively. In turn, a study comparing the Mediterranean dietary pattern with a low-fat diet on the prevention of cardiovascular events was designed and completed [2]. It was found that a Mediterranean diet with an increased intake of extra virgin olive oil or nuts compared to a low-fat diet reduced events associated with cardiovascular disease by 30% in people at risk for stroke (about 40%). The results were published in the New England Journal of Medicine, a leading international medical journal, and were recommended in the latest US guidelines for primary stroke prevention published in 2014 [3]. So, what exactly is the Mediterranean diet? High intake foods: olive oil, fruits, nuts, vegetables, grains Medium intake foods: fish and poultry, small amounts of white wine Low intake foods: red meats (e.g., beef and lamb), processed meats, desserts In general, the current academic opinion on the dietary aspects of stroke prevention is that a diet low in salt and high in potassium and Some other studies have also confirmed the preventive effect of olive oil and nuts on stroke, as mentioned in the guidelines. The Mediterranean diet is not expected to be followed or copied, as there are still great differences between Eastern and Western cultures. However, it is hoped that this will help people to reduce salt intake, increase the proportion of grains, vegetables and fruits in their daily diet, and consume some nuts or olive oil, which will have some effect on stroke prevention.